Indima ephambili yendibano yepiston
Kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwenjini yeemoto, "unxantathu wentsimbi" owenziwe ngeepiston, iiringi zepiston, kunye neepiston piston yeyona ndawo iphambili yokudlulisela amandla.
I-piston ingathathwa njenge "power converter" yenjini. Imelana noxinzelelo olukhulu oluvela kwiigesi zokutsha kwi-cylinder kwaye idlulisela amandla ngephini yepiston ukuya kwintonga yokudibanisa, ekugqibeleni iqhuba i-crankshaft ukuba ijikeleze kwaye iguqule amandla ekhemikhali epetroli abe ngamandla oomatshini okuhambisa imoto. Kwangaxeshanye, umphezulu wepiston kunye nentloko yesilinda, udonga lwesilinda kunye zenza igumbi lokutsha, zibonelela ngendawo yokutsha ngokufanelekileyo kwepetroli kwaye zivumela i-piston ukuba igqibezele imijikelo emithathu yokuncedisa yokufaka, ukucinezela, kunye nokuphuma phantsi kwe-drive yentonga yokudibanisa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-cyclic yenjini.
Indandatho yepiston "ngumlindi wemisebenzi emininzi" yenjini, yahlulwe yaba ziingcingo zomoya kunye neengcingo zeoyile. Indandatho yomoya inoxanduva lokuvala igumbi lokutsha kunye ne-crankcase, ithintele ukuvuza kwegesi enobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye idlulise i-70%-80% yobushushu ukusuka phezulu kwepiston ukuya eludongeni lwesilinda, oluthi emva koko luchithwe yinkqubo yokupholisa ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo kwipiston ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu. Indandatho yeoyile ifana "nomphathi wokugcoba", ikhupha ioyile engaphezulu eludongeni lwesilinda ukuze ithintele ukuba ingangeni kwigumbi lokutsha kwaye ibangele "ukutsha kweoyile", kwaye kwangaxeshanye yenze ifilimu yeoyile elinganayo eludongeni lwesilinda ukuze kuncitshiswe ukungqubana kunye nokuguguleka phakathi kwepiston kunye nodonga lwesilinda. Ukongeza, indandatho yepiston inokubonelela ngenkxaso kwipiston ukuze kuthintelwe ukungqubana ngokuthe ngqo nodonga lwesilinda kwaye kuncitshiswe ingxolo ebalekayo kunye nokungcangcazela.
Iphini yepiston "yibhulorho yamandla" edibanisa ipiston kunye nentonga yokudibanisa, ehambisa ngokutyibilikayo uxinzelelo lwegesi oluthwalwa yipiston ukuya kwintonga yokudibanisa ukuze kufezekiswe ukuguqulwa ukusuka kwintshukumo yokuphindaphinda yepiston ukuya kwintshukumo yentonga yokudibanisa. Ukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa kwamandla okufanayo, uninzi lusebenzisa ukufakwa okudada ngokupheleleyo, okuvumela iphini yepiston ukuba ijikeleze kancinci ngaphakathi kwesihlalo sephini yepiston kunye ne-head bushing encinci yentonga yokudibanisa, okwenza ukuguguleka kufane ngakumbi; ezinye iimodeli zisebenzisa ukufakwa okudada kancinci, zilungisa iphini yepiston kunye nentloko encinci yentonga yokudibanisa ngeebholiti, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isakhiwo sibe ncinci ngakumbi.
Iziphene eziqhelekileyo kunye neempawu
I-piston assembly isebenza phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye neemeko zokungqubana okuphezulu ixesha elide, kwaye ithambekele kwiimpazamo ezahlukeneyo, ezichaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kwenjini.
Indandatho yepiston yinxalenye enesantya esiphezulu sokusilela, kwaye ukuguguleka yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo. Ukungqubana kwexesha elide kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kuya kubangela ukuba umsantsa phakathi kwendandatho yepiston kunye nodonga lwesilinda unyuke, kunciphisa ukusebenza kokutywina, okubangela amandla angonelanga enjini, ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli okuphezulu, kwanento "yokutsha kweoyile" apho umbhobho wokukhupha uphuma khona ukhupha umsi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuba indandatho yepiston ibambekile ngenxa yediphozithi yekhabhoni okanye ilahlekelwa bubuthambile bayo, iya kubangela nokuguquguquka koxinzelelo lwesilinda, okubangela ukushukuma okungasebenziyo, uxinzelelo lwe-crankcase oluphezulu, kunye nezinye iingxaki. Indandatho yepiston ephukileyo imbi nangakumbi, apho iqhekeza lendandatho ephukileyo linokuthi likrwele udonga lwesilinda, libangele ukuxhuzula kwesilinda kwaye lithintele injini ekusebenzeni.
Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwepiston pin kubonakala kakhulu njengengxolo engaqhelekanga kunye nokuguguleka. Xa i-piston pin kunye nentloko encinci yentonga yokudibanisa okanye umngxuma wesihlalo sepiston pin ziguguleke kakhulu kwaye kukho umsantsa, injini iya kukhupha isandi esicacileyo nesinesingqi xa ingasebenzi, kwaye isandi siyaqina xa ikhawuleza. Ukuba ukuthambisa akukuhle, i-piston pin nayo iya kukhukuliseka, okubangela unxibelelwano olubi phakathi kweendawo zokudibana kunye nengxolo engaqhelekanga engalawulekiyo; kakhulu, i-piston pin inokudinwa kwaye iphuke, ibangele umonakalo wepiston, ide igqobhoze ibloko yesilinda.
Iimpazamo zepiston ngokwayo ziquka ukutsha okuphezulu, ukuguguleka kwesiketi, kunye nokubanjwa kwesilinda. I-piston top, phantsi kwempembelelo yegesi enobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu ixesha elide, idla ngokuba nemingxunya okanye imingxunya, nto leyo echaphazela ukusebenza kokutywinwa kwegumbi lokutsha, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla kwamandla enjini. Ukuguguleka kwesiketi kuya kwandisa umsantsa phakathi kwepiston kunye nodonga lwesilinda, kutshabalalisa uzinzo lwefilimu yeoyile, kwaye kubangele ukuguguleka okukhulu kunye nokuvuza kwegesi. Ukuguguleka kwesilinda yimeko egqithisileyo yokungaphumeleli kwepiston kunye ne-cylinder liner ukusebenzisana, okuhlala kubangelwa kukususwa kwesilinda okungafanelekanga, ukungaphumeleli kwenkqubo yokupholisa, okanye ioyile yokuthambisa enganeleyo, okubangela ukukrweleka kwesilinda, ukungaphumeleli kokuchithwa kobushushu benjini, kwanokwala ngqo.
Iindlela zokuxilonga iimpazamo kunye neendlela zokuphendula
Xa ujongene neziphene zokuhlanganiswa kwepiston, ukuxilongwa ngexesha kunye nokuphathwa kwayo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba injini ihlala ixesha elide.
Xa i-piston ring ingasebenzi kakuhle, uvavanyo lwangaphakathi olusebenzisa i-endoscope lunokusetyenziswa ukujonga iidipozithi zekhabhoni phezulu kwepiston kunye novavanyo lwe-ring groove, okanye uxinzelelo lwe-cylinder lunokwenziwa. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-cylinder luqhelekile kodwa ukusetyenziswa kweoyile kugqithisile, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukutywinwa kwe-piston ring kuye akuphumelelanga. Kwiidipozithi zekhabhoni ezincinci ezibangela ukunamathela kancinci, ukongeza i-agent yokukhulula i-piston ring kunokuzanywa. Xa i-piston ring igugile kakhulu okanye iphukile, kufuneka kutshintshwe ii-piston rings. Kwiimeko eziyimfuneko, iimeko zokuguguleka kwe-piston kunye ne-cylinder liner nazo kufuneka zihlolwe ngaxeshanye.
Ingxolo engaqhelekanga evela kwipiston pin inokuchongwa ngovavanyo lokucima umlilo: ukuba ingxolo iyancipha okanye iyanyamalala emva kokuba ukutsha kucinyiwe, idla ngokubangelwa yipiston pin ephukileyo; ukuba ingxolo iba yingxolo ngakumbi, isenokuba ibangelwa kukususwa okukhulu. Xa kujongwana nayo, ipiston pin egugileyo kufuneka itshintshwe, kwaye iimeko zokuguguleka kwebearing yentonga yokudibanisa kunye nomngxuma wesihlalo sepiston pin nazo kufuneka zijongwe. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka kulungiswe okanye kutshintshwe.
Ukuxilongwa kweempazamo zepiston kufuna ugwebo olupheleleyo olusekelwe kwiimpawu. Umzekelo, umsi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuma kumbhobho wokukhupha umoya unokubonisa ukuguguleka kweringi yepiston okanye ipiston itsala i-liner yesilinda. Ukuba amandla enjini ayancipha kunye noxinzelelo olungaqhelekanga lwegumbi lokutsha, kuyimfuneko ukujonga umonakalo wokutsha phezulu kwepiston. Xa ipiston ikrazukile kakhulu, inxitywe kwisiketi, okanye ikhutshiwe kwisilinda, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukutshintsha ipiston, kwaye izizathu zeziphene zeenkqubo zokupholisa kunye nokuthambisa kufuneka ziphandwe ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphinda kuvele.
Ngexesha lokugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla, ukutshintshwa rhoqo kweoyile yenjini esemgangathweni ophezulu, ukugcina isihluzi somoya sicocekile, kunye nokuphepha ukusebenza ixesha elide kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuguguleka kwezixhobo zepiston kwaye kwandise ubomi benkonzo yenjini.
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