Umsebenzi ophambili wendibano yesihluzi somoya seemoto
Indibano yesihluzo somoya seemoto ingathathwa njenge "mlindi ongabonakaliyo" wenjini. Ngexesha lokusebenza kwemoto, idlala iindima ezibalulekileyo ezininzi.
Okokuqala, isebenza njenge "ikhaka" lezinto ezichanekileyo zenjini. Izihluzi zomoya ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zinokucoca ngaphezulu kwe-99% yokungcola okunobubanzi obuyi-≥ 5 micrometers, zithintele ngempumelelo amasuntswana aqinileyo afana nothuli, isanti, ipollen, njl. ukuba angangeni kwisilinda, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe ukuguguleka okungaqhelekanga kwezinto ezifana neepiston, iindonga zesilinda, kunye neevalvu ngenxa yokungena kokungcola. Ukuba isihluzi somoya siyavaleka ixesha elide, izinga lokuguguleka kwenjini liya kunyuka ngokuphindwe kathathu ukuya kahlanu, okwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokutsalwa kwesilinda, ukutsha kweoyile, kunye nezinye iimpazamo. Kwiindawo ezomileyo nezinesanti, ngaphandle kokukhuselwa kwesihluzi somoya, amasuntswana amakhulu angena phakathi kwepiston nesilinda anokubangela neziganeko ezinzima "zokutsalwa kwesilinda".
Okwesibini, inxulumene nombane ophuma kwisithuthi kunye nokonga amafutha. Xa isihluzi somoya sivalekile ukuya kwi-30%, ukumelana nokungena kuya kwanda kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba injini ingafumani ngokwaneleyo ukutya. Ngeli xesha, i-ECU iya kulungisa umthamo wokufakwa kwamafutha ukuze igcine ukutsha, kodwa ukungalingani koxinzelelo lomxube kuya kubangela ukwehla kwamandla nge-5% - 10%, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kwiikhilomitha ezili-100 kuya kwanda ngaphezulu kwelitha eli-1. Nangona isihluzi somoya esisebenza kakuhle sinokuqinisekisa ukuba umoya ongena enjinini ucocekile kwaye wanele, okuvumela umxube opheleleyo wamafutha nomoya wokutsha, okwenza injini isebenze kakuhle kwaye ifikelele konga amafutha kakuhle.
Ngaphezu koko, kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono imeko yokutsha kwaye kwandiswe ubomi benkonzo yeoyile yenjini. Umoya ococekileyo wokungenisa umoya unokunciphisa ama-50% okanye ngaphezulu eediphozithi zekhabhoni kwivalvu ye-throttle, iiplagi ze-spark, kunye negumbi lokutsha, kunciphisa amathuba okushukuma okungasebenzi, ubuthathaka bokukhawulezisa, njl.njl. okubangelwa ziidiphozithi zekhabhoni. Ukungcola okungacocwanga okungena enjinini kuya kudibana neoyile yenjini, kukhawulezise ukuxinana kwayo kunye nongcoliseko. Ukuhluzwa okusebenzayo kunokubuyisela umjikelo wokutshintshwa kweoyile yeminerali eqhelekileyo ukusuka kwiikhilomitha ezingama-3,000 ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-7,500, kwaye umjikelo wokutshintshwa kweoyile eyenziwe ngokupheleleyo unokwandiswa ngokufanelekileyo, unciphise iindleko zokugcinwa malunga nama-60%.
Ukongeza, ezinye izixhobo zokucoca umoya ezidityanisiweyo zinokunceda ekucoceni umoya wangaphakathi, zithintele izinto eziyingozi ezifana ne-PM2.5, impova, iikhompawundi zesalfure, njl.njl., zidala indawo enempilo nekhululekileyo yokukhwela kubakhweli, ingakumbi eluncedo kubantu abane-allergies. Kwangaxeshanye, ikwanayo nefuthe elithile lokunciphisa isandi, ifunxa kwaye ithintele ingxolo yokungena eveliswa yinjini ukwenza indawo yangaphakathi ithule.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nemiphumo yendibano yesihluzi somoya seemoto
Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ixesha elide, indibano yesihluzi somoya seemoto inokufumana iimpazamo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo enokubangela iingozi ezinokubakho ekusebenzeni kwesithuthi.
Ukuvaleka yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo. Njengoko ixesha lokusetyenziswa lisanda, ukungcola emoyeni kuya kuqokelelana kancinci kancinci kwisihluzo somoya, kuthintele iimbobo zaso kwaye konyuse ukumelana nokungena. Oku kuya kubangela ukungoneli kokungena kwenjini, amandla aphumayo alinganiselweyo, kunye neziganeko ezifana nokukhawulezisa kancinci kunye nokusabela okucothayo xa unyathela i-accelerator, ingakumbi xa udlula okanye ukhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza. Kwangaxeshanye, ipetroli ayinakutsha ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuchithekeni kwepetroli, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwepetroli nge-5% - 20%, kwaneelitha ezi-3 - 5 ngaphezulu kwizithuthi zedizili. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iidipozithi zekhabhoni zangaphakathi zenjini ziya kuvela, zikhawulezise ukuguguleka kwecandelo kwaye zichaphazele ukusebenza kwenjini kunye nobomi bayo.
Ukutshatyalaliswa nako yingxaki engenakuyityeshelwa. Izithuthi ezidlula kwiindawo ezinamaqhuma, zichaphazeleka ngamandla angaphandle, okanye zisebenza phantsi komthwalo omkhulu ixesha elide zinokubangela ukuba isakhelo sesihluzo somoya siguquguquke okanye imithungo iqhekeke. Ngeli xesha, umoya ongahluzwanga uya kungena ngqo enjinini, kunye namasuntswana amakhulu kune-0.5 micrometers angene kwigumbi lokutsha, okulingana nokuthulula malunga ne-5 grams yenkunkuma yesanti enjinini ngosuku, okunyusa izinga lokuguguleka okungaqhelekanga kweendonga zesilinda kunye neeringi zepiston ngamaxesha ama-6. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukufuma okungahluzwanga kuya kusabela kunye nee-oxide zesinyithi ukwenza i-hydrochloric acid ebolayo, okubangela ukuqhekeka komzimba wesilinda.
Ukufuma kukwachaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwendibano yesihluzo somoya. Xa usebenzisa imoto kwindawo efumileyo okanye udlula kwiindawo ezinamanzi amaninzi, ukuba isitywino sesihluzo somoya asiqinanga, ukufuma kunokungena kwisiseko sesihluzo, okubangela ukuba simanzi. Ukusebenza kwesihluzo somoya esifumileyo kuya kuba mandundu kwaye kuthambekele ekukhuleni kwesihluzo. Izinga lokukhula kwesihluzo liphindwe kathathu kuneemeko eziqhelekileyo. Kwiiyure ezingama-24, amabala okubola abonakalayo anokwenzeka. Ezi zihluzo azonakalisi nje kuphela isakhiwo sephepha lesihluzo kwaye zinciphise ukusebenza kokuhluza ngama-30%, kodwa zikwavelisa iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo ngenkqubo yokungenisa enokungena kwikhabhathi yesithuthi. Ukuphefumla ixesha elide kunokubangela i-rhinitis ye-allergy kunye nezifo zokuphefumla.
Ukuthintela kunye nokuphendula kwiingxaki zokuhlanganiswa kwesihluzi somoya
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukusilela kokuhlanganiswa kwezihluzo zomoya okuchaphazela ukusebenza kwezithuthi, abanini beemoto kufuneka banikele ingqalelo kulondolozo lwemihla ngemihla. Ngokubanzi, izithuthi ezihamba kwiindawo zasezidolophini kufuneka zitshintshwe izihluzo zomoya rhoqo emva kweekhilomitha ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2; kwizithuthi ezihamba kwiindawo ezinothuli, umjikelo wokutshintshwa kufuneka ufinyezwe ube ziikhilomitha ezingama-5000 okanye iinyanga ezi-3. Ngexesha lokugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ucoceko kunye nokuthembeka kwesihluzo somoya. Izihluzo zephepha zinokucocwa ngaphakathi ngaphandle kusetyenziswa umoya ocinezelweyo, kwaye ukuhlamba ngamanzi akuvumelekanga; izihluzo ezisekelwe kwioyile zifuna izicoci ezikhethekileyo kunye neeoyile zokhathalelo ukuze zigcinwe. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba isihluzo somoya simnyama kwaye singcolile, sonakele kwaye siyavuza, okanye sinemiqondiso yesilumkiso efana nokwehla kwamandla, ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwepetroli, kunye nokukhutshwa komsi omnyama, kufuneka usitshintshe isihluzo ngoko nangoko.
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