Ikholamu Ephezulu Yevalvu Yemoto: Umlindi Ongabonakaliyo Uqinisekisa Ukugudama Kwenjini
Kwinkqubo yokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwenjini yemoto, ikholamu ephezulu yevalvu yinto ebonakala ingabalulekanga kodwa ibalulekile. Ifana nomlindi ozinikeleyo, ohlala eqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwendlela yokusebenza kwevalvu yenjini. Nangona kunjalo, xa ingasebenzi kakuhle, iya kubangela iingxaki ezininzi ekusebenzeni kwenjini ngokuqhelekileyo.
Umsebenzi oyintloko wekholamu ephezulu yevalvu yemoto
Ikholamu ephezulu yevalvu yemoto yahlulwe kakhulu kwiindidi ezimbini: i-hydraulic kunye ne-mechanical. Phakathi kwazo, ikholamu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic, kunye neenzuzo zayo ezikhethekileyo, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinjini zemoto zanamhlanje.
Umsebenzi ophambili wekholamu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic usekuhlawuleni ngokuzenzekelayo ivalvu evulekileyo. Ngexesha lokusebenza kwenjini, indlela yokudlulisa ivalvu iya kukhupha ivalvu evulekileyo ngenxa yokwanda kobushushu kunye nokuguguleka. Le ndlela yokuvula ayinyusi nje kuphela ingxolo yenjini kodwa ikwachaphazela ukungabi nomoya kwendlela yokuvula ivalvu, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukusebenza kwamandla kunye nokonga amafutha enjini. Ikholamu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic ingasebenzisa uxinzelelo lweoyile yokuthambisa yenjini ukulungisa ubude bayo, inciphise ivalvu evulekileyo ibe ncinci, iqinisekise ukuba ivalvu kunye ne-camshaft zihlala zigcina unxibelelwano olungenazikhewu, zigcina indlela yokuvula ivalvu ikwimeko yokusebenza engcono kwaye ziqinisekise ukusebenza kakuhle kwenjini.
Ukongeza, ikholamu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic inokunciphisa ingxolo yenjini ngempumelelo. Iikholamu eziphezulu zevalvu yoomatshini zemveli zifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo kwesikhala sevalvu ngesandla. Xa isikhala sisikhulu kakhulu, injini iya kuvelisa isandi esibonakalayo sokungqongqoza ngexesha lokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, ikholamu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic iyayisusa ngokuzenzekelayo indawo yevalvu, inciphise ukuveliswa kwengxolo enjalo engcanjini, idale imeko-bume yangaphakathi ezolileyo kubakhweli.
Kwiikholamu eziphezulu zeevalvu zoomatshini, nangona zingenamsebenzi wokulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo indawo evulekileyo, zisathwala uxanduva olubalulekileyo lokudlulisa amandla avela kwi-camshaft kunye nokuqhuba ivalvu ukuba ivuleke kwaye ivalwe. Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yendlela yevalvu.
Iimpawu kunye nezizathu zokungaphumeleli kwekholamu ephezulu yevalvu
Xa ikholamu ephezulu yevalvu isilela, injini idla ngokukhupha "imiqondiso yesilumkiso" ecacileyo, eyona ixhaphakileyo yingxolo engaqhelekanga.
Ingxolo engaqhelekanga ebangelwa yikholamu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic ineempawu ezithile: ngokwesiqhelo, ngexesha lokusebenza kwenjini engasebenziyo, isandi sokucofa esingashukumiyo siya kukhutshwa phezulu kwesiciko sesilinda, esibonakala ngakumbi kwiimeko ezibandayo zenjini. Njengoko isantya senjini sisanda okanye imoto ihamba ngesantya esiphezulu, ingxolo iya kuba buthathaka okanye inyamalale kancinci kancinci. Le ngxolo ibangelwa ikakhulu zezi zizathu zilandelayo: Okokuqala, ingxaki yeoyile yenjini. Ukuba inqanaba leoyile yenjini liphezulu kakhulu okanye liphantsi kakhulu, okanye uxinzelelo leoyile alwanelanga, ikholamu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic ayiyi kufumana ioyile yokuthambisa eyaneleyo. Umoya wangaphandle uya kuthatha ithuba lokungena ngaphakathi kwikholamu ephezulu, uphazamise ibhalansi yayo ye-hydraulic, ngaloo ndlela uvelise ingxolo. Ukongeza, ukusebenzisa ioyile yenjini yobuxoki okanye eyonakeleyo kuya kwenza kube nzima ukuguguleka kwekholamu ephezulu yevalvu, okubangela ukungaphumeleli ngakumbi. Okwesibini, ukuguguleka kwecandelo. Umphezulu we-plunger uya kuguguleka ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye isitywino sevalvu asilunganga, nto leyo ebangela ukuvuza kweoyile. Oku kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwekholamu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic, ukuyithintela ekulungiseni ngokufanelekileyo indawo yokuvula ivalvu, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ivelise ingxolo. Okwesithathu, ukuvaleka kongcoliseko lweoyile. Ukuba ikholam kunye nomzimba wekholam ephezulu zivaliwe ngamabala eoyile kunye nokungcola, oku kuya kuthintela ukuhamba okuqhelekileyo kweoyile yenjini, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ikholam ephezulu yevalvu ingabi namafutha kwaye ingasebenzi kakuhle.
Ngaphandle kwengxolo engaqhelekanga, ukusilela kwevalvu ephezulu yekholamu kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwamandla enjini. Xa ukususwa kwevalvu kungenakuhlawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yokusilela kwevalvu ephezulu yekholamu, amaxesha okuvula nokuvala kwevalvu aya kuphambuka, achaphazele ukutyibilika kokungenisa kunye nokuphuma komoya, okubangela ukwehla kwamandla enjini kunye nokwanda kokusetyenziswa kwepetroli. Kwiimeko ezinzima, nevalvu inokungaphumeleli ukuvala kakuhle, okubangela ukuvuza kwesilinda, okonakalisa injini ngakumbi.
Impendulo kunye nokuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwekholamu ephezulu yevalvu
Xa injini ikhupha ingxolo engaqhelekanga ekucingelwa ukuba ibangelwa kukusilela kwekholamu ephezulu yevalvu, umnini kufuneka athathe amanyathelo okuphanda aze ayiphathe ngexesha. Inyathelo lokuqala kukujonga inqanaba leoyile yenjini kunye nomgangatho wayo. Ukuba inqanaba leoyile liphantsi kakhulu, yongeza ioyile yenjini yomgangatho ofanelekileyo ngexesha. Ukuba ioyile yonakele, yitshintshe ngeoyile entsha. Kwiimpazamo ezibangelwe kukuguguleka kwecandelo okanye ukuvuza kweoyile, iipiston ezigugileyo, iivalvu kunye nezinye iindawo kufuneka zitshintshwe ngexesha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwekholamu ephezulu yevalvu.
Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwemoto imihla ngemihla, ukuthintela iimpazamo kwikholamu ephezulu yevalvu nako kubalulekile. Abanini kufuneka balandele ngokungqongqo iimfuno zencwadi yokugcinwa kwesithuthi, batshintshe rhoqo ioyile yenjini kunye nesihluzi seoyile, kwaye basebenzise ioyile yenjini esemgangathweni ophezulu ethengwe kwiitshaneli ezisemthethweni ukuze baphephe ukonakala kwikholamu ephezulu yevalvu ngenxa yeengxaki yeoyile. Kwangaxeshanye, zama ukuphepha ukumisa injini ixesha elide kwaye unciphise umngcipheko wokucinezelwa kakhulu kwikholamu ephezulu yevalvu. Ukongeza, yenza uhlolo olupheleleyo rhoqo lwenjini ukuze uchonge kwaye usombulule iingxaki ezinokubakho ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ikwabalulekile ekwandiseni ubomi benkonzo yekholamu ephezulu yevalvu nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenjini.
Nangona ikholamu ephezulu yevalvu yemoto incinci, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwenjini. Ukuqonda umsebenzi wayo, ukuqhelana neempawu zayo zokungaphumeleli, kunye nokukwazi ukuphendula ngokuchanekileyo kunye neendlela zokuthintela kuyimfuneko ukugcina lo mkhuseli ungabonakaliyo ukwimeko entle yokusebenza kunye nokukhusela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenjini.
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