I-Turbocharger yeMoto: Iqhawe elifihlakeleyo kunye neempazamo ezinokubakho zeNjini yamandla
Kule mihla yokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kwiimoto, i-turbocharger ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuphucula ukusebenza kwenjini. Ifana neqhawe elisebenza ngasemva kweqonga, lizisa ukusebenza okunamandla ngakumbi kunye nokonga amafutha ngcono kwizithuthi. Nangona kunjalo, eli qhawe likwanexesha "lobushushu". Iimpazamo ezahlukeneyo zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo okuqhelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela zichaphazele ukusebenza kwesithuthi.
Umsebenzi ophambili we-turbocharger
I-turbocharger ngokuyintloko yi-air compressor. Isebenzisa ngobuchule amandla okukhupha umoya avela kwinjini ukuqhuba i-turbine ngaphakathi kwendlu. Emva koko i-turbine iqhuba i-coaxial impeller, icinezela umoya kwaye iwuqinise ngaphambi kokuba iwuthumele kwisilinda. Le nkqubo inyusa kakhulu umthamo wokungenisa umoya wenjini, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsha kwamafutha kwaye ivumela injini ukuba ikhuphe amandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% ngaphezulu ngomthamo ofanayo wokukhupha umoya.
Ngokuphathelele ukonyuswa kwamandla, isiphumo se-turbocharger simangalisa ngokwenene. Umzekelo, amandla enjini ye-1.8T turbocharged anokukhuphisana nalawo enjini ye-2.4L ephefumlelwe ngokwendalo, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli kufana nokwenjini ye-1.8L. Kwibala lomdyarho, i-turbocharger ikhanya ngakumbi. Ivumela iinjini ezinomda wokuhamba ukuba zifumane amandla amakhulu, nto leyo ebanika ithuba lokubaleka.
Ukongeza ekukhuliseni amandla, ii-turbochargers zikwasebenza kakuhle ekulawuleni amafutha kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo. Ngokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsha, kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha, ngokuqhelekileyo konga i-3% ukuya kwi-5%. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kokutsha kunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi ezifana nee-particles kunye ne-nitrogen oxides, okufaka isandla ekukhuselweni kokusingqongileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ii-turbochargers zinomsebenzi wokuhlawula ukuphakama okuphezulu, onokuyoyisa ukwehla kwamandla eenjini kwiindawo eziphakamileyo okubangelwa ngumoya omncinci.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo ze-turbochargers
Nangona ii-turbochargers zineengenelo ezicacileyo, zinokudibana neempazamo ezahlukeneyo xa zisetyenziswa ixesha elide.
Iimpazamo zokuvuza zezinye zeengxaki eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweoyile kuphezulu kodwa umbala womsi wokukhupha uqhelekile kwaye amandla awachaphazeleki, kusenokwenzeka ukuba umbhobho weoyile wokungenisa okanye wokubuyisela we-turbocharger uyavuza. Ngeli xesha, jonga ukuba iringi yokutywina ayiphelelanga na. Ukuba yonakele, yitshintshe ngoko nangoko. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweoyile kuphezulu kwaye umphunga ukhupha umsi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kodwa amandla akatshintshi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba iringi yokutywina ekupheleni kwecompressor ayiphumelelanga. Jonga ubunzima bombhobho weoyile yokubuyisela kwaye wenze ulondolozo. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweoyile kuphezulu, umphunga ukhupha umsi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye omnyama, kwaye amandla ayancipha, kusenokwenzeka ukuba umsantsa phakathi kwepiston kunye nesilinda mkhulu kakhulu, obangela ukuba ioyile ingene kwigumbi lokutsha. Kule meko, kufuneka uhlolo olunzulu lwenjini.
Iimpazamo zokulahleka kombane nazo akufuneki zijongwe. Umzekelo, xa i-turbocharger ye-BMW 2 Series ingasebenzi kakuhle, kunokubakho into yokulahleka kombane. Izizathu zokulahleka kombane zininzi. Umzekelo, ukuba inkqubo yokungenisa ivaliwe, ukuvaleka kwesihluzo somoya kuya kubangela umoya onganeleyo wokungenisa, okuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-turbocharger. Ngeli xesha, coca okanye utshintshe isihluzo somoya. Kusenokwenzeka nokuba ipleyiti yesigqubuthelo se-bypass valve ayivalwanga kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukuvuza koxinzelelo. Ukutshintsha nje ipleyiti yesigqubuthelo se-bypass valve kunokusombulula ingxaki.
Izandi zokungqubana kwesinyithi, ukukhutshwa komsi omnyama, kunye nokunciphisa amandla nazo zifanele ukuqwalaselwa. Ukuba i-turbocharger yenza izandi zokungqubana kwesinyithi, i-exhaust ikhupha umsi omnyama, kwaye amandla ayancipha, kusenokwenzeka ukuba i-turbocharger rotor bearing okanye i-thrust bearing igugile kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-impeller ikhuhle kwindawo ye-turbocharger. Ngeli xesha, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa okanye ukutshintsha iindawo ezifanelekileyo ze-bearing ngexesha. Kwakhona, xa i-flap ikhululekile kwaye ingqubana, injini iya kwenza ingxolo enkulu ngexesha lokuqala okubandayo, kwaye isitywino asiyi kuba qinile. Ukukhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza kuya kubangela ukungaphumeleli kwenkqubo yokudlulisela.
Iimpazamo zomonakalo wezinto zangaphandle nazo ziyenzeka ngamanye amaxesha. Ukutywinwa kakubi kombhobho wokungenisa, apho i-intake ingadluli kwisihluzo kwaye ingene ngqo kwi-compressor impeller, okanye ingatshintshi isihluzo somoya njengoko kufuneka, kunokukhokelela ekubeni izinto zangaphandle zingene kwi-turbocharger kwaye zonakalise ubuso bokugqibela be-compressor. Ukonakala kwiindawo ezingaphakathi kwesilinda yenjini yedizili, okanye izinto zangaphandle zingene kwi-exhaust manifold ngexesha lokulungiswa, kunokubangela umonakalo we-radial kwi-rotor okanye kwi-transmission shaft, ekugqibeleni okubangela ukuxinana kwe-rotor okanye ukwaphuka kwe-shaft. Ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kokusilela kwe-turbocharger, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwemihla ngemihla kunye nokugcinwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Emva kokuba injini iqalisiwe, kufuneka ingasebenzi imizuzu emi-3. Ebusika, injini kufuneka ifudumale ubuncinane imizuzu emi-5 nangaphezulu ukuvumela ioyile yenjini ukuba ithambise ngokupheleleyo i-turbocharger. Emva kokuqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu okanye ukunyuka ithambeka, musa ukuyicima injini ngoko nangoko. Endaweni yoko, qhubeka ungasebenzi malunga nomzuzu omnye ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibheringi ze-turbocharger zithanjiswe ngokupheleleyo. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha ioyile yenjini kunye nesihluzo seoyile rhoqo. Sebenzisa ioyile yokuthambisa echaziweyo kunye nezinto zokucoca ukuze uphephe iimpazamo ezibangelwa yioyile yokuthambisa engacocekanga okanye enganeleyo.
Ukuqukumbela, i-turbocharger idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yamandla eemoto. Ukuqonda umsebenzi wayo kunye neempazamo eziqhelekileyo, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisa kakuhle kunye neendlela zokulungisa, kunokuqinisekisa ukuba isoloko inika amandla aqinileyo kwisithuthi kwaye isikhapha kuhambo oluhamba kakuhle.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi, qhubeka ufunda amanye amanqaku kule sayithi!
Nceda usitsalele umnxeba ukuba ufuna iimveliso ezinjalo.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. uzimisele ukuthengisa iMG&MAXUSiinxalenye zeemoto zamkelekile ukuthenga.
