"Ibhondi engabonakaliyo" yamandla eemoto: Imisebenzi kunye nohlalutyo lweempazamo zeebhanti zexesha kunye neentambo zexesha
Kwinkqubo yokusebenza engundoqo yenjini yemoto, ibhanti yexesha kunye nekhonkco lexesha zifana "namabhondi angabonakaliyo", abonakala engabalulekanga kodwa alawula isigqi esichanekileyo sendlela yokusebenza kwevalvu yenjini, esebenza njengesiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sokusebenza kwenjini okuqhelekileyo.
Ngokwembono yemisebenzi yazo, zombini zinomsebenzi ofanayo ophambili: ukuqhuba indlela yevalvu yenjini, ukuvumela iivalvu zokungenisa kunye nezokukhupha umoya ukuba zivuleke kwaye zivalwe ngamaxesha athile, zihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nemijikelo emine yepiston - ukuphefumla, ukucinezela, ukuvelisa umbane, kunye nokukhupha umoya. Ngokukodwa, zidibanisa i-crankshaft kunye ne-camshaft, ziqinisekisa ukuba xa i-crankshaft ijikeleza kabini, i-camshaft ijikeleza kanye kanye, ivumela iivalvu zokungenisa kunye nezokukhupha umoya ukuba zigqibezele isenzo esinye sokuvula nokuvala ngasinye, okwenza umxube ungene kwisilinda ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukukhupha umoya kukhutshwe kakuhle, ukuqinisekisa ukukhupha umbane wenjini kunye nokonga ipetroli.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko omkhulu kwizinto kunye neempawu zezi zimbini. Iibhanti zexesha zenziwe kakhulu ngerabha, kunye nomaleko wefayibha ngaphakathi ukuze komelezwe ukuqina. Ngexesha lokusebenza, zivelisa ingxolo ephantsi, zinokuxhathisa okuphantsi kokudluliselwa, kwaye zineendleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa. Kodwa izinto zerabha zichaphazeleka kubushushu kunye nongcoliseko lweoyile, nto leyo ezenza ukuba zisetyenziswe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ziya kuguga kwaye ziqhekeke, zihlala zifuna ukutshintshwa emva kweekhilomitha ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-10 zamawaka. Kwelinye icala, iitsheyini zexesha zisebenzisa isakhiwo sekhonkco lesinyithi, esibonelela ngokuqina okukhulu. Uninzi lweemodeli zithi zinokugcinwa ngaphandle kokugcinwa ubomi bonke, kunye nobomi obungaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-20 zamawaka. Nangona kunjalo, zivelisa isandi esincinci sokungqubana kwesinyithi ngexesha lokusebenza kwaye zixhomekeke kwioyile yenjini ukuze zithambise. Ukuba umgangatho weoyile awulunganga okanye awutshintshwanga ngexesha, kuya kukhawulezisa ukuguguleka kwazo.
Nokuba yibhanti yexesha okanye ityathanga lexesha, xa kukho impazamo, iya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwinjini. Eyona nto ibonakalayo ngokuthe ngqo yempazamo yebhanti yexesha kukwaluphala nokuqhekeka. Ngelo xesha, i-camshaft ilahlekelwa ngamandla okuqhuba, kwaye ixesha levalvu liba yingxubakaxaka ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba injini icime ngoko nangoko. Kwiinjini zohlobo lokuphazamiseka, inokukhokelela ekungqubaneni kwepiston kunye nevalvu, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo omkhulu woomatshini ofana nokugoba kwevalvu kunye nomonakalo wepiston, kunye neendleko zokulungisa ezidla ngokudlula amashumi amawaka eeyuan. Ngaphambi kokuba iphuke, inokukhupha izandi zesilumkiso, njengesandi "sokucofa" kwindawo yenjini xa iqala ukubanda, esiye siphele kancinci emva kokufudumeza. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ukuguguleka kusanda, ingxolo engaqhelekanga iya kuhlala ihleli, kwaye imoto inokuba nengxaki yokuqalisa ukulibaziseka, ukungabikho kwamandla okukhawulezisa, kunye nokunyuka okungaqhelekanga kokusetyenziswa kwepetroli.
Iziphene zetyathanga lokuhamba kwexesha zibonakaliswa kakhulu kukwandiswa kwamazinyo kunye nokutsiba. Ekuqaleni, kunokubakho isandi "esibethayo" sokungqongqoza ngentsimbi ngexesha lokuqalisa okubandayo, esiphucukayo emva kokufudumeza. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ukuguguleka kuya kusanda, ingxolo engaqhelekanga iya kuhlala ihleli, kwaye imoto iya kuba nexesha lokulibaziseka lokuqalisa, ukungabikho kwamandla okukhawulezisa, kunye nokungazinzi kokungenzi nto. Ukuba ityathanga likhula kakhulu, i-tensioner ayinakukwazi ukulungisa uxinzelelo ngokufanelekileyo, okubangela ukutsiba kwamazinyo, okubangela ukuba ivalvu ingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima, okubangela ukuba ipiston ibethe ivalvu, okukhokelela ekungasebenzini kwangoko kwenjini. Ukongeza, iziphene zetyathanga ziya kukhatshwa kukwanda okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwepetroli kunye nokusetyenziswa kweoyile, kwaye isibane sesalathisi sempazamo yenjini kwideshibhodi sinokukhanyisa.
Ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo ophindwe kabini kwisithuthi nakwisipaji obangelwa ziimpazamo zenkqubo yexesha, ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla kubalulekile. Kwizithuthi ezineebhanti zexesha, kubalulekile ukulandela ngokungqongqo iimfuno zencwadi yokulungisa imoto kwaye uzitshintshe kumjikelo weekhilomitha ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-10 zamawaka. Kucetyiswa ukuba kutshintshwe ivili le-tensioner kunye ne-idler kunye nebhanti yexesha ngexesha lokutshintshwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakalisa ibhanti entsha ngenxa yeempazamo zezinto ezindala. Kwizithuthi ezineentambo zexesha, nangona kungekho mfuneko yokutshintshwa rhoqo, emva kokuqhuba iikhilomitha ezi-8 zamawaka, kufuneka kuhlolwe rhoqo inqanaba lokuguguleka kwetyathanga kunye nesimo se-tensioner, kwaye kusetyenziswe ioyile yenjini ehambelana nemigaqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthambisa okwaneleyo. Nje ukuba kufunyenwe imiqondiso engaqhelekanga efana nengxolo yenjini, ukulahleka kwamandla, okanye ezinye iingxaki, kuyimfuneko ukuba undwendwele ngokukhawuleza indawo yokulungisa yobuchwephesha ukuze uhlolwe. Musa ukuba neengqondo, njengoko iimpazamo ezincinci zinokukhula zibe ziingxaki ezinkulu.
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