Umbindi wemoto: Eyona nto iphambili ekudlulisweni kwamandla kunye nokusombulula iingxaki
Kwinkqubo yokudlulisa amandla eyinkimbinkimbi yemoto, ishafti esembindini idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Isebenza njengebhulorho, idibanisa amandla avela kwinjini neemfuno zokuqhuba kwesithuthi. Ukuqonda indima, iimpawu zokusilela, kunye neendlela zokulungisa ishafti esembindini kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwesithuthi kunye nokhuseleko lokuqhuba.
Umsebenzi oyintloko weshaft yeziko lemoto
I-shaft esembindini ifumaneka kakhulu ngaphakathi kwi-transmission. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili ubonakala ekudluliseni amandla, ukutshintsha kwegiya kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-torque, kunye nokwenza ngcono uzinzo lokuqhuba.
Okokuqala, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nokwenza ngcono. Kwizithuthi eziqhuba amavili angasemva (MR) okanye eziqhuba amavili amane (4MR) eziphakathi kwenjini, ishafti esembindini ingadlulisela ngokuthe ngqo i-torque yemveliso yenjini kumavili aqhubayo, inciphise ukulahleka kwamandla, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kwamandla kudla ngokuba yi-5%-8% ephezulu kunokwalo lwendlela ebekwe ngayo ivili langaphambili. Ngaphakathi kwi-transmission, ishafti esembindini idibanisa ishafti yokuqala (i-input shaft) kunye neshafti yesibini (i-output shaft), kwaye ngokusebenza kwendlela yokutshintsha, ivumela ukubandakanyeka kweeseti zeegiya ezahlukeneyo, ivumela ishafti yesibini ukuba ikhuphe isantya esijikelezayo esahlukileyo, i-steering kunye ne-torque ngokweemfuno zokuqhuba, ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kokukhawulezisa kunye neempawu zokuqhuba zesithuthi. Umzekelo, kwi-transmission yeshafti esembindini, ishafti nganye esembindini ngokwethiyori ithwala i-1/2 ye-torque kuphela, ukusebenzisa i-dual center shafts kunokunciphisa umgama osembindini we-transmission, kunciphise ubukhulu beegiya, kufinyeze ubukhulu be-axial, kunciphise ubunzima, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kuqinisekiswe uzinzo lokudluliselwa kwamandla.
Okwesibini, uhlengahlengiso lokulinganisela ubunzima. Uyilo lwendawo yeshafti esembindini luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umlinganiselo wobunzima obuvela ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva besithuthi. Kwiimoto zemidlalo ezinomlinganiselo wobunzima obuyi-50:50, ulwakhiwo lweshafti esembindini yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo. Umlinganiselo wobunzima obufanelekileyo unokwenza imoto izinze ngakumbi ngexesha lokuqhuba, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kokuphatha, ingakumbi xa ujika ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye uphepha imeko kaxakeka, apho inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuqengqeleka komzimba kunye nokushukuma.
Okokugqibela, inkxaso yozinzo lokuqhuba. Ngexesha lokutshintsha okanye ukujika kwendlela ngesantya esiphezulu, ishaft esembindini inokucinezela ukushukuma kwemoto ecaleni. Ngokwamava, kwizithuthi ezineshaft esembindini eqinisiweyo, i-engile yokutyibilika ecaleni ingancitshiswa nge-10%-15%. Ishaft esembindini idla ngokudityaniswa neseti yegiya (ebonisa isakhiwo esifana nenqaba, esaziwa ngokuba yigiya yenqaba), esi sakhiwo sidibeneyo siphucula ukuqina kwenkqubo yothumelo, sifinyeza indlela yothumelo lwamandla, sinciphise ngempumelelo ilahleko zoomatshini, kwaye siphucula amandla okumelana nemithwalo yempembelelo kwiimeko zokusebenza ezinzima. Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye neempawu zeshaft esembindini wemoto
Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwe-central shaft, kunokubakho iimpazamo ezahlukeneyo, ezichaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kwesithuthi okuqhelekileyo kwaye zide zibeke emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lokuqhuba.
Ingxolo engaqhelekanga yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezibonisa iimpazamo ze-central shaft. Xa imoto iqala okanye ikhawuleza ngequbuliso, isandi sokungqubana kwesinyithi "esigqumayo" okanye "esiqhumayo" siya kuvakala phakathi kwe-chassis. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukuguguleka kwe-universal joint ye-central shaft okanye ukuqhekeka kwesigqubuthelo sothuli. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide komphezulu ogugileyo kunye nokulahlekelwa kukuqina kuqhagamshelo lwecandelo kuya kubangela ingxolo engaqhelekanga ngexesha lokusebenza; iingxaki zenkqubo yokuthambisa, ezinje ngeoyile yokuthambisa enganeleyo, ukonakala kweoyile, okanye indlela yeoyile evalekileyo, ziya kubangela ukungcangcazela xa i-shaft isebenza ngesantya esiphezulu; ukufakwa okungafanelekanga ngexesha lokugcinwa nokulungiswa, indawo engalunganga, okanye iibholiti ezikhululekileyo, ezibangela amandla angaqhelekanga kwi-shaft, nazo ziya kubangela ingxolo engaqhelekanga; ukuba kukho imiba yomgangatho efana neziphene zezinto ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa, ingxolo engaqhelekanga nayo iya kwenzeka. Ukongeza, ingxolo engaqhelekanga iyavakala xa ivili lokuqhuba lijikwa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isandi esikhulu "sokuklikha" siyakhutshwa, esinokuba yimpazamo ye-steering centre shaft (cross shaft, cross joint).
Ukushukuma kukwaluphawu oluqhelekileyo lweziphene ze-central shaft. Ngexesha lokuqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-80 km/h), umzimba wesithuthi ubonisa ukushukuma rhoqo. Emva kokususa ingxaki yokulinganisela okuguquguqukayo kwetayara, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibhalansi eguquguqukayo ye-central shaft iye yasilela. Ukungaphumeleli kwebhalansi eguquguqukayo ye-central shaft kuya kubangela ukushukuma okungaqhelekanga ngexesha lokusebenza kwesithuthi, okuchaphazela intuthuzelo yohambo, kwaye kubangele ukuwohloka okungakumbi kwezinye izinto zesithuthi.
Ukulibaziseka kwamandla kukwayenye yeempawu zokusilela kwe-intermediate shaft. Xa unyathela i-accelerator, udluliselo lwamandla alugudi, kwaye impendulo yokukhawulezisa iba kancinci. Oku kunokubangelwa ngumsantsa omkhulu woqhagamshelo lwamandla ngenxa yokuguguleka kwe-intermediate shaft spline. Ukulibaziseka kwamandla kuya kunciphisa ukusebenza kokukhawulezisa kwesithuthi, kwaye kwiimeko ezifana nokugqitha imoto kunye neengxamiseko, kunokukhokelela kwiingozi zokhuseleko.
Ukugcinwa kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ze-shaft ephakathi yemoto
Ukuze kwandiswe ubomi benkonzo yomngxuma ophakathi kunye nokunciphisa ukwenzeka kweziphene, ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla kubalulekile.
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekugcineni umngxuma ophakathi. Kucetyiswa ukuba kujongwe ukuba isigqubuthelo sothuli lomngxuma ophakathi sonakele na nokuba umngxuma oqhelekileyo uyakhululeka na rhoqo kwiikhilomitha ezingama-20,000. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuphepheni ukuguguleka kwangaphambi kwexesha komngxuma ophakathi. Kwangaxeshanye, qwalasela ukujonga ubungakanani beoyile kunye nomgangatho weoyile yokuthambisa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yokuthambisa kwaye uphephe ukuguguleka kunye nengxolo engaqhelekanga ebangelwa kukuguguleka okunganelanga.
Ukugcinwa kokuthambisa akufanele kungananzwa. Ukuba isigqubuthelo sothuli asizange sithintelwe, ijoyinti yendalo yonke inokuthambisa ngegrisi rhoqo emva kweekhilomitha ezingama-40,000 ukuze yandise ubomi bayo benkonzo. Xa ufaka kwakhona i-intermediate shaft emva kokulungiswa okanye ukulungiswa, qinisekisa ukuba indawo yokufakela ichanekile, i-torque yokuqinisa i-bolt iyahlangabezana neemfuno, kwaye uphephe ingxolo engaqhelekanga kunye neziphene ezibangelwa kukufakelwa okungafanelekanga.
Ukuphepha ukuqhuba ngogonyamelo kukwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokugcina i-intermediate shaft. Ukukhawulezisa rhoqo ngequbuliso kunye nokuqhobosha kuya kwandisa umthwalo kwi-intermediate shaft. Ngokwamava, ixesha lokuphila kwe-intermediate shaft kwizithuthi eziqhuba ngogonyamelo liya kuncitshiswa malunga ne-30%.
Xa i-intermediate shaft isilela, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ulondolozo kunye nokutshintshwa ngexesha. Kwiimpazamo zengxolo engaqhelekanga, kuyimfuneko ukuphanda nokusingatha unobangela othile, njengokutshintsha i-universal joint egugileyo, ukulungisa okanye ukutshintsha i-dust cover, ukongeza i-oyile yokuthambisa, njl. Kwiimpazamo zokushukuma kunye nokulamba kwamandla, kunokufuneka ukwenza ulungiso lwe-dynamic balance kwi-intermediate shaft okanye ukutshintsha izinto ezonakeleyo. Xa kutshintshwa i-intermediate shaft, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe izixhobo zokuqala zasekhaya okanye iinguqulelo eziphuculweyo ezingenisiweyo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wolondolozo.
Ngamafutshane, i-intermediate shaft yemoto yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuhambisa amandla yesithuthi, kwaye indima yayo ayinakutshintshwa. Ngokuqonda umsebenzi we-intermediate shaft, ukubonakaliswa kweempazamo, kunye neendlela zokulungisa, abanini bemoto banokuqinisekisa ngcono ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lokuqhuba kwesithuthi, okwenza ukuqhuba kube lula kwaye kuqinisekise ngakumbi.
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Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. uzimisele ukuthengisa iMG&MAXUSiinxalenye zeemoto zamkelekile ukuthenga.
