imanzi
I-Sump emanzi
ipani yeoli
Uninzi lweemoto ezibonwa emarikeni ziipani zeoyile ezimanzi. Isizathu sokuba zibizwe ngokuba ziipani ze-oyile ezimanzi kukuba i-crankshaft crankshaft kunye nesiphelo esikhulu sentonga yokudibanisa ye-injini zintywiliselwa kwi-oyile yokuthambisa yepani ye-oyile kanye kujikelezo ngalunye lwe-crankshaft. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yesantya esiphezulu sokusebenza kwe-crankshaft, ngalo lonke ixesha i-crankshaft intywiliselwa kwi-oyile pool ngesantya esiphezulu, ii-oyile ezithile ezitshiza kunye ne-oyile ziya kuvuswa ukuthambisa i-crankshaft kunye netyholo elithwala i-oyile. ebizwa ngokuba yi-splash lubrication. Ngale ndlela, kukho iimfuno ezithile kwinqanaba le-liquid yeoli yokuthambisa kwi-pan yeoli. Ukuba iphantsi kakhulu, i-crankshaft crankshaft kunye nesiphelo esikhulu sentonga yokudibanisa ayinakuntywiliselwa kwi-oyile yokuthambisa, okukhokelela ekunqongophelweni kokuthambisa kunye ne-crankshaft egudileyo, intonga yokudibanisa kunye ne-bearing bush. ; Ukuba inqanaba le-oyile yokuthambisa liphezulu kakhulu, ukuthwala kuya kuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo, okuya kwandisa ukuchasana kokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft, okuya kuthi ekugqibeleni kukhokhelele ekwehleni kwentsebenzo yenjini.
Olu hlobo lwendlela yokuthambisa lunesakhiwo esilula kwaye ayifuni itanki yeoli eyongezelelweyo, kodwa ukuthambekela kwesithuthi akufanele kube kukhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle koko kuya kubangela ingozi ye-cylinder yeoli evuthayo ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kweoli kunye nokuvuza kweoli.
yomile
Sump eyomileyo
Iisumpu ezomileyo zisetyenziswa kwiinjini ezininzi zomdyarho. Ayigcini ioli kwi-sump, ngokuchanekileyo, akukho sump yeoli. Imiphezulu yokukhuhlana kwezi ntshukumo kwikhrankcase zithanjiswa ngokucinezela ngaphandle i-oyile nge-orifice enye. Ekubeni i-injini ye-sump eyomileyo irhoxisa umsebenzi wokugcinwa kwe-oyile ye-oyile sump, ukuphakama kwe-oyile ekrwada kuncitshiswe kakhulu, kwaye ukuphakama kwe-injini kuyancipha. Inzuzo ephambili kukuba igwema izinto ezimbi ze-sump ezimanzi ezibangelwa kukuqhuba kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, lonke uxinzelelo lweoyile yokuthambisa luvela kwimpompo yeoli. Amandla epompo yeoli adityaniswe ngamagiya ngokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Nangona kwi-injini ye-sump emanzi, impompo yeoli iyafuneka kwakhona ukubonelela ngoxinzelelo lwe-lubrication kwi-camshaft. Kodwa olu xinzelelo luncinci, kwaye impompo yeoli idinga amandla amancinci kakhulu. Kwii-injini ze-sump ezomileyo, nangona kunjalo, amandla olu xinzelelo lokuthanjiswa kufuneka abe mkhulu kakhulu. Kwaye ubungakanani bempompo yeoli bukhulu kakhulu kunempompo yeoli yenjini ye-sump emanzi. Ngoko ke, impompo yeoli idinga amandla amaninzi ngeli xesha. Oku kufana ne-injini ene-supercharged, impompo yeoli idinga ukusebenzisa inxalenye yamandla e-injini. Ngokukodwa ngesantya esiphezulu, xa isantya se-injini sinyuka, ukuqina kwentshukumo yeendawo zokukhuhlana kuyenyuka, kwaye i-oyile eninzi iyafuneka ukuze kuthotywe, ngoko ke impompo yeoli ifuna ukubonelela ngoxinzelelo olungaphezulu, kwaye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-crankshaft kuye kwaqina.
Ngokucacileyo, uyilo olunjalo alufanelekanga kwiinjini zezithuthi eziqhelekileyo, kuba kufuneka zilahlekelwe yinxalenye yamandla e-injini, engachaphazeli nje kuphela ukukhutshwa kwamandla, kodwa ayihambisani nokuphucula uqoqosho. Ke ngoko, i-sump eyomileyo ixhotyiswe kuphela ngokufuduswa okukhulu okanye iinjini ezinamandla kakhulu, ezinje ngezo moto zezemidlalo ezizalelwe ukuqhuba kakhulu. Umzekelo, iLamborghini ithatha uyilo lwe sump yeoli eyomileyo. Kuba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphucula umphumo we-lubrication kumda kwaye ufumane iziko eliphantsi lobunzima, kwaye ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kunokubuyiselwa ngokunyusa ukufuduka kunye nezinye iinkalo. Ngokubhekiselele kuqoqosho Ukwabelana ngesondo yinto le modeli akufuneki ithathelwe ingqalelo kwaphela.
Ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa
Ipompo ye-injection ye-fuel iyingxenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokubonelela nge-diesel generator, kwaye imeko yayo yokusebenza ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla, uqoqosho kunye nokuthembeka kwejeneretha ye-diesel. Ukugcinwa okuchanekileyo kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwempompo yokutofa kwamafutha kunye nokwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo. Ezi "elementi ezilishumi" zilandelayo zikufundisa ukuba ungayigcina njani impompo yokutofa ngamafutha yeejenereyitha zedizili:
1. Ukugcina ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zempompo yokutofa kwamafutha.
Isigqubuthelo esisecaleni somzimba wempompo, idiphu ye-oyile, iplagi yokugcwalisa i-oyile (isixhobo sokuphefumla), ivalve yokuchitha i-oyile, iplagi ye-oyile ye-oyile, isikrufu somgangatho we-oyile, ibholithi yokulungisa impompo ye-oyile, njl. njl. kufuneka igcinwe injalo. Ezi zixhobo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwempompo yokutofa kwamafutha. indima ebalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, isiciko secala sinokuthintela ukungena kokungcola okunjengothuli kunye namanzi, ukuphefumula (ngesihluzi) kunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuwohloka kweoli, kunye ne-valve yokuphuphuma kweoli iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yamafutha inoxinzelelo oluthile kwaye yenza. ungangeni emoyeni. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa ukugcinwa kwezi zincedisi, kunye nokulungisa okanye ukubuyisela endaweni ngexesha xa zonakaliswe okanye zilahlekile.
2. Jonga rhoqo ukuba ubungakanani be-oyile kunye nomgangatho kwiphuli ye-oyile yempompo yokutofa kwamafutha iyahlangabezana neemfuno.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ijenereyitha ye-diesel, ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho we-oyile kwimpompo yokutofa kwe-fuel kufuneka ihlolwe ixesha ngalinye (ngaphandle kwempompo yokutofa kwe-fuel enyanzeliswa ukuba ithambise yi-injini) ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuninzi beoli banele kwaye umgangatho ulungile. Kungenjalo, iya kubangela ukuguga kwangaphambili kweplunger kunye nevalve yokuphuma kweoyile, okukhokelela kumandla angonelanga enjini yedizili, ubunzima ekuqaliseni, kwaye kwiimeko ezimandundu, ukuthotywa kunye nokudleka kweplunger kunye nevalve yokuphuma yeoli. Ngenxa yokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwempompo yeoli, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-valve yokuphuma kweoli, ukunxiba kwe-tappet kunye ne-casing yepompo yokuhambisa i-oyile, kunye nomonakalo kwindandatho yokutywina, ioli ye-diesel iya kuvuza kwi-oyile ye-oyile kwaye ihlambulule ioli. Ngoko ke, kufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha ngokuhambelana nomgangatho weoli. Itanki ihlanjululwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuze isuse i-sludge kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo phantsi kwetanki yeoli, ngaphandle koko ioli iya kuhlahloka emva kwexesha elifutshane lokusetyenziswa. Isixa seoli akufanele sibe sininzi okanye sincinci. Ioli eninzi kakhulu kwirhuluneli iya kukhokelela ngokulula "kwisantya" se-injini ye-diesel. I-oyile encinci kakhulu iya kubangela ukuthanjiswa kakubi. Idipstick ye-oyile okanye isikrufu senqwelo-moya ye-oyile siya kuphumelela. Ukongezelela, xa injini ye-diesel ingasetyenziswanga ixesha elide, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba kukho ukungcola okunjengamanzi kunye neoli ye-diesel kwioli kwi-oyile yepompo yeoli. Iziqwenga ezinomhlwa zaxinga kwaye zikhutshiwe.
3. Jonga rhoqo kwaye ulungelelanise ukunikezelwa kwamafutha kwi-cylinder nganye yepompo yokutofa kwe-fuel.
Ngenxa yokunxitywa kwe-coupler ye-plunger kunye ne-coupler ye-oyile ye-oyile, ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kwe-oyile ye-diesel kuya kubangela ukuhanjiswa kwepetroli kwisilinda ngasinye kucuthwe okanye kungalingani, okukhokelela kubunzima bokuqalisa injini ye-diesel, ukungonelanga kwamandla, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwamafutha. , kunye nokusebenza okungazinzanga. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo kwaye ulungelelanise ukunikezelwa kwamafutha kwi-cylinder nganye yepompo ye-injection ye-fuel ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwamandla enjini ye-diesel. Ekusetyenzisweni kwangempela, ubungakanani bokunikezelwa kwamafutha kwi-cylinder nganye inokumiselwa ngokujonga umsi wokukhupha i-diesel generator, ukumamela isandi se-injini, kunye nokuchukumisa ubushushu bombhobho wokukhupha.
4. Sebenzisa imibhobho yeoli ekumgangatho ophezulu.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokunikezelwa kwepetroli yepompo yokutofa kwepetroli, ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kweoyile ye-diesel kunye nokuqina kombhobho we-oyile woxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-oyile ye-diesel ephezulu yoxinzelelo iyakwenza ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo kumbhobho, kwaye kuthatha ixesha elithile igagasi loxinzelelo lokuhambisa kumbhobho. Isixa siyafana, i-injini ye-diesel isebenza kakuhle, kwaye ubude kunye nobubanzi bombhobho we-oyile woxinzelelo oluphezulu lukhethwa emva kokubala. Ngoko ke, xa umbhobho we-oyile ophezulu woxinzelelo lwe-cylinder ethile wonakaliswa, umbhobho weoyile wobude obuqhelekileyo kunye nobubanzi bombhobho kufuneka utshintshwe. Ekusetyenzisweni kwangempela, ngenxa yokungabikho kwemibhobho yeoli eqhelekileyo, ezinye iipayipi zeoli zisetyenziselwa endaweni yoko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubude kunye nobubanzi beepayipi zeoli ziyafana, ukwenzela ukuba ubude kunye nobubanzi beepayipi zeoli zihluke kakhulu. Nangona inokusetyenziswa kwimeko engxamisekileyo, iya kukhokelela ekuboneleleni kweoyile yesilinda. Utshintsho lwe-engile yangaphambili kunye nexabiso le-oyile lenza ukuba umatshini wonke usebenze ngokungazinzanga, ngoko ke kufuneka kusetyenziswe umbhobho weoyile okumgangatho ophezulu woxinzelelo oluphezulu.
5. Jonga rhoqo imeko yokutywinwa kwe-coupler yevalve kumatshini.
Emva kokuba impompo yokutofa kwepetroli isebenze ixesha elithile, ngokujonga imeko yokutywinwa kwevalve yokukhupha i-fuel, isigwebo esiqatha sinokwenziwa malunga nokunxitywa kwe-plunger kunye nemeko yokusebenza yempompo yamafutha, enenzuzo ukugqiba indlela yokulungisa kunye nokugcina. Xa ujonga, khulula imibhobho ye-oyile yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-cylinder nganye, kwaye usebenzise impompo ye-oyile yesandla yempompo yokuhambisa i-oyile ukumpompa i-oyile. Ukuba i-oyile iphuma kumbhobho we-oyile edibeneyo kumphezulu wempompo yokutofa kwamafutha, oko kuthetha ukuba ivalve yokuphuma kwe-oyile ayivalwanga kakuhle (ewe, ukuba isiphethu sevalve ye-oyile yaphukile, kuya kuba njalo Ukuba oku kuyenzeka), ukuba kukho itywina elibi kwi-multi-cylinder, ipompo yokutofa i-fuel kufuneka ihlanjululwe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye igcinwe, kwaye i-coupler kufuneka itshintshwe.
6. Buyisela iplanga egugileyo kunye nevalve ye-oyile ngexesha.
Xa kufumaniseka ukuba kunzima ukuqalisa i-injini ye-diesel, amandla aye ayancipha, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli kuyenyuka, kwaye impompo yokutofa kwe-fuel kunye ne-injector ye-fuel ayikaphuculwa ngokuhlengahlengisa impompo yokutofa kwe-fuel, i-fuel injection plunger kunye ne-fuel. Ivalve yokuphuma kufuneka ichithwe kwaye ihlolwe. Ukuba i-plunger kunye nevalve yokukhupha amafutha zinxitywe ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, kufuneka zitshintshwe kwangethuba, musa ukunyanzelisa ukusetyenziswa kwakhona. Ubunzima bokuqalisa kwe-injini ye-diesel, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwe-petroli, ukungonelanga kwamandla kunye nezinye iilahleko ezibangelwa kukuguga kweendawo ezidityanisiweyo zigqithise kakhulu iindleko zokutshintsha iindawo ezidityanisiweyo, kwaye amandla kunye noqoqosho lwe-injini ye-diesel iya kuphuculwa kakhulu emva kokutshintshwa. Amalungu okutshintshwa.
7. I-oyile ye-diesel kufuneka isetyenziswe kwaye ihluzwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-oyile ye-diesel engena kwipompo yokutofa kwe-fuel icoceke kakhulu.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iijenereyitha zedizili zineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokucoca idizili kuneenjini zepetroli. Ioli ye-diesel ehlangabezana namabakala afunekayo kufuneka ikhethwe ukuze isetyenziswe, kwaye kufuneka ibe nemvula ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-48. Ukomeleza ukucocwa kunye nokugcinwa kwesihluzo se-diesel, ukucoca okanye ukubuyisela indawo yokucoca ngexesha; coca itanki ye-diesel ngexesha ngokwemeko yendawo yokusebenza, susa ngokucokisekileyo i-sludge kunye nomswakama ophantsi kwetanki yamafutha, kwaye nakuphi na ukungcola kwidizili kuya kuchaphazela i-plunger yepompo yokutofa kwe-fuel kunye nokukhutshwa kweoli. Ukonakala okunzulu okanye ukuguga kwee-coupler zevalvu kunye namalungu othumelo.
8. Jonga rhoqo kwaye ulungelelanise i-engile yonikezelo lwamafutha kwangaphambili kwimpompo yokutofa kwamafutha kunye ne-engile yonikezelo lwexesha lonikezelo lwamafutha kwisilinda ngasinye.
Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ngenxa yokukhulula iibholithi zokudityaniswa kunye nokunxitywa kwecamshaft kunye namalungu omzimba we-roller, i-angle yangaphambili yobonelelo lweoyile kunye ne-oyile yokubonelela i-oyile yesilinda nganye ihlala iguqulwa, nto leyo eyenza ukutsha kwedizili kube kubi ngakumbi, kwaye amandla kunye noqoqosho lwe-injini ye-diesel. Ukusebenza kuyancipha, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kunzima ukuqala, ukungazinzi ekusebenzeni, ingxolo engaqhelekanga kunye nokushisa. Ekusetyenzisweni okwenyani, uninzi lwabaqhubi lunika ingqalelo kuhlolo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwe-engile yonikezelo lwamafutha kwangaphambili, kodwa ngoyaba ukuhlolwa kunye nohlengahlengiso lwe-angle yonikezelo lwexesha lonikezelo lwamafutha (okubandakanya uhlengahlengiso lwempompo enye yonikezelo lwamafutha kwangaphambili). Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunxitywa kwee-camshafts kunye neendawo zokuhambisa i-roller, ukuhanjiswa kweoyile kwiisilinda eziseleyo akufuneki ixesha, nto leyo eya kukhokelela kubunzima bokuqalisa injini yedizili, amandla angonelanga kunye nokusebenza okungazinzanga, ngakumbi kwimpompo yokutofa kwamafutha. ebisetyenziswa ixesha elide. Kuthiwa ukuba ingqwalasela engakumbi kufuneka ihlawulwe ekuhlolweni nasekuhlengahlengisweni kwe-oyile yokubonelela nge-interval angle.
9. Ukukhangela rhoqo ukukhutshwa kwe-camshaft.
Ukukhutshwa kwe-axial ye-camshaft yempompo yokutofa kwamafutha kungqongqo kakhulu, ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-0.03 kunye ne-0.15mm. Ukuba ukucocwa kukhulu kakhulu, kuya kwandisa impembelelo yecandelo lokuhambisa i-roller kwindawo yokusebenza yekhamera, ngaloo ndlela ikhulise ukunxiba kwangaphambili kwendawo yekhamera kunye nokutshintsha ukunikezelwa. I-oyile engaphambili i-angle; I-camshaft ethwele i-shaft kunye ne-radial clearance inkulu kakhulu, ekulula ukwenza ukuba i-camshaft isebenze ngokungalingani, i-lever yohlengahlengiso lwe-oyile iyashukuma, kunye nomthamo we-oyile utshintsha ngamaxesha, okwenza ukuba injini ye-diesel iqhube ingazinzanga, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba khangela kwaye ulungelelanise rhoqo. Xa i-axial clearance yecamshaft inkulu kakhulu, i-shims inokongezwa kumacala omabini ukulungiswa. Ukuba i-radial clearance inkulu kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha imveliso entsha.
10. Jonga rhoqo ukunxiba kweendlela eziphambili ezifanelekileyo kunye nokulungisa iibholithi.
Izitshixo ezifanelekileyo kunye neebholiti zibhekisa ikakhulu kwiindlela ezingundoqo zecamshaft, ukudityaniswa kwezitshixo zeflange (iimpompo zeoyile ezihambisa amandla ngokudibanisa), izitshixo ze-semicircular kunye neebholiti zokuhlanganisa. I-camshaft keyway, isitshixo se-flange kunye nesitshixo se-semicircular sempompo yokutofa kwamafutha sele isetyenziswe ixesha elide, kwaye ukukhanya kuphelile, okwenza ukuba i-keyway ibe banzi, isitshixo se-semicircular asifakwanga ngokuqinileyo, kunye ne-angle engaphambili yeoli. utshintsho lokubonelela; kwimeko enzima, isitshixo siyaqengqeleka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungaphumelelini kokuhanjiswa kwamandla. , ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo kwaye ulungise okanye utshintshe iindawo ezigugileyo ngexesha.
Ukulumkela
Inkuthazo yedizili
1. I-O-ring ye-injector yonakele;
2. I-atomization engafanelekanga ye-injector, ioli ethontsizayo;
3. Ukufakwa ngokungafanelekanga kwe-injector;
4. I-O-ring ayizange itshintshwe xa i-injector iphinda ifakwe.
Ukugcinwa kwejeneretha yeCummins kufuneka kuhoye:
1) Indawo yokugcina itanki yamafutha kufuneka ikhuseleke ukukhusela umlilo. I-tank ye-fuel okanye idrum yeoli kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo ebonakalayo yodwa, ngokufanelekileyo kude nesethi ye-diesel generator, kwaye inqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ukutshaya.
2) Umthamo wamafutha kwitanki yamafutha kufuneka uqinisekise ukunikezelwa kwansuku zonke.
3) Emva kokuba itanki yeoli ibekwe, inqanaba eliphezulu leoli alikwazi ukuphakama ngaphezu kweemitha ezi-2.5 ngaphezu kwesiseko sesethi ye-diesel generator. Ukuba inqanaba le-oyile ye-oyile enkulu iphezulu kune-2.5 yeemitha, itanki yeoli yemihla ngemihla kufuneka yongezwe phakathi kwe-oyile enkulu kunye neyunithi ukwenza uxinzelelo lokunikezelwa kweoli ngokuthe ngqo. Akukho ngaphezu kwe-2.5 yeemitha. Naxa i-injini ye-diesel icinyiwe, isibaso asivumelekanga ukuba sihambe siye kwi-injini ye-diesel ngomgca we-fuel inlet okanye umgca wokutofa kwe-fuel ngokuxhuzula.
4) Ukuchasana kwi-oil port akuvumelekanga ukuba kudlule ixabiso elichazwe kuwo onke amaphepha edatha yokusebenza kwe-injini ye-diesel xa usebenzisa into ecocekileyo yokucoca. Eli xabiso lokumelana lisekelwe kwisiqingatha samafutha kwitanki yamafutha.
I-5) Ukumelana nokubuyiswa kwamafutha akufuneki kudlule imimiselo kwiphepha ledatha yokusebenza ye-injini ye-diesel esetyenzisiweyo.
6) Ukudityaniswa kombhobho we-oyile ebuyisela amafutha akufuneki kubangele amaza othusayo abonakale kumbhobho we-oyile wamafutha.
