manzi
I-Wet Sump
ipani yeoyile
Uninzi lweemoto ezibonakala kwimarike ziipani zeoyile ezimanzi. Isizathu sokuba zibizwe ngokuba ziipani zeoyile ezimanzi kukuba i-crankshaft ye-crankshaft kunye nesiphelo esikhulu sentonga yokudibanisa yenjini zintywiliselwa kwioyile yokuthambisa yepani yeoyile kanye emva kokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokusebenza kwesantya esiphezulu se-crankshaft, ixesha ngalinye i-crankshaft intywiliselwa echibini leoyile ngesantya esiphezulu, ii-oyile ezithile ezitshizayo kunye ne-oyile ziya kuvuswa ukuze zithambise i-crankshaft kunye ne-bearing bush, ebizwa ngokuba yi-splash lubrication. Ngale ndlela, kukho iimfuno ezithile zenqanaba lolwelo lweoyile yokuthambisa kwipani yeoyile. Ukuba iphantsi kakhulu, i-crankshaft ye-crankshaft kunye nesiphelo esikhulu sentonga yokudibanisa azinakufakwa kwioyile yokuthambisa, nto leyo ebangela ukungabikho kwe-lubricating kunye ne-crankshaft egudileyo, intonga yokudibanisa kunye ne-bearing bush. Ukuba inqanaba leoyile yokuthambisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-bearing iya kuntywiliselwa kuyo yonke, nto leyo eya kwandisa ukumelana nokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft, nto leyo eya kuthi ekugqibeleni ikhokelele ekwehleni kokusebenza kwenjini.
Olu hlobo lwendlela yokuthambisa lunesakhiwo esilula kwaye alufuni itanki yeoyile eyongezelelweyo, kodwa indlela ethambekele ngayo imoto akufuneki ibe nkulu kakhulu, kungenjalo iya kubangela ingozi yesilinda yeoyile etshayo ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kweoyile kunye nokuvuza kweoyile.
owomileyo
I-Dry Sump
Ii-dry sumps zisetyenziswa kwiinjini ezininzi zokubaleka. Ayigcini ioyile kwi-sump, ngokuchanekileyo, akukho mafutha. Imiphezulu yokungqubana kwezi ntshukumo kwi-crankcase itshizwa ngokucinezela ioyile nge-orifice nganye nganye. Ekubeni injini ye-dry sump irhoxisa umsebenzi wokugcina ioyile kwi-oyile sump, ukuphakama kwe-oyile ekrwada kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye ukuphakama kwenjini nako kuncitshiswa. Inzuzo ephambili kukuba ithintela iziganeko ezimbi ze-wet sump ezibangelwa kukuqhuba ngamandla.
Nangona kunjalo, lonke uxinzelelo lweoyile yokuthambisa luvela kwimpompo yeoyile. Amandla epompo yeoyile aqhagamshelwe ngeegiya ngokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Nangona kwinjini ye-sump emanzi, ipompo yeoyile ikwafuneka ukubonelela nge-lubrication yoxinzelelo kwi-camshaft. Kodwa olu xinzelelo luncinci, kwaye ipompo yeoyile ayifuni mandla maninzi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiinjini ze-sump eyomileyo, amandla olu xinzelelo lwe-lubrication kufuneka abe makhulu kakhulu. Kwaye ubungakanani bepompo yeoyile bukhulu kakhulu kunepompo yeoyile yenjini ye-sump emanzi. Ke ngoko, ipompo yeoyile idinga amandla angakumbi ngeli xesha. Oku kufana nenjini etshajiweyo, ipompo yeoyile kufuneka idle inxalenye yamandla enjini. Ingakumbi ngesantya esiphezulu, xa isantya senjini sisanda, amandla okushukuma kwamalungu okungqubana ayanda, kwaye kufuneka ioyile engakumbi ukuze kuthambise, ngoko ke ipompo yeoyile kufuneka ibonelele ngoxinzelelo olungakumbi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-crankshaft nako kuyaqiniswa.
Ngokucacileyo, uyilo olunjalo alufanelekanga kwiinjini zezithuthi eziqhelekileyo, kuba kufuneka lulahlekelwe yinxalenye yamandla enjini, engachaphazeli kuphela amandla okukhupha, kodwa ikwangancedi ekuphuculeni uqoqosho. Ke ngoko, i-dry sump ixhotyiswe kuphela ngeenjini ezinkulu zokuhambisa okanye ezinamandla aphezulu, njengeemoto zemidlalo ezizalelwe ukuqhuba ngamandla. Umzekelo, iLamborghini isebenzisa uyilo lwe-dry oil sump. Kuyo, kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuphucula isiphumo sokuthambisa kumda kunye nokufumana iziko eliphantsi lomxhuzulane, kwaye ukulahleka kwamandla kunokubuyiselwa ngokwandisa ukuhamba kunye nezinye izinto. Ngokuphathelele uqoqosho Ubungqingili yinto le modeli akufuneki iyiqwalasele konke konke.
Ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa
Ipompo yokufutha ipetroli yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokubonelela ngepetroli yejenereyitha yedizili, kwaye imeko yayo yokusebenza ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla, uqoqosho kunye nokuthembeka kwejenereyitha yedizili. Ukugcinwa ngokuchanekileyo yimfuneko ebalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwepompo yokufutha ipetroli kunye nokwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo. Ezi "zinto zilishumi" zilandelayo zikufundisa indlela yokugcina ipompo yokufutha ipetroli yejenereyitha yedizili:
1. Ukugcina ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zepompo yokufaka ipetroli.
Isigqubuthelo esisecaleni somzimba wepompo, idipstick yeoyile, iplagi yokugcwalisa amafutha (umphefumli), ivalvu yokuchitheka kweoyile, iplagi yesikrufu sedama leoyile, isikrufu senqanaba leoyile, ibolthi yokulungisa ipompo yeoyile, njl.njl. mazigcinwe zinjalo. Ezi zixhobo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwepompo yokufaka amafutha. Umzekelo, isigqubuthelo esisecaleni sinokuthintela ukungena kokungcola okufana nothuli namanzi, umphefumli (onesihluzo) unokuthintela ngempumelelo ukonakala kweoyile, kwaye ivalvu yokugcwala kweoyile iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yeoyile inoxinzelelo oluthile kwaye ayingeni emoyeni. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa ukugcinwa kwezi zixhobo, kunye nokuzilungisa okanye ukuzitshintsha ngexesha ukuba zonakele okanye zilahlekile.
2. Jonga rhoqo ukuba ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho weoyile echibini leoyile yepompo yokufaka ipetroli ziyahlangabezana neemfuno.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ijenereyitha yedizili, ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho weoyile kwipompo yokufaka ipetroli kufuneka uhlolwe ngalo lonke ixesha (ngaphandle kwepompo yokufaka ipetroli enyanzelekileyo ukuba itshize yinjini) ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubungakanani beoyile banele kwaye umgangatho ulungile. Ngaphandle koko, kuya kubangela ukuguguleka kwangoko kwe-plunger kunye ne-oil outlet valve pair, okubangela amandla angonelanga enjini yedizili, ubunzima bokuqalisa, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuguguleka kunye nokuguguleka kwe-plunger kunye ne-oil outlet valve pair. Ngenxa yokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwepompo yeoyile, ukusebenza kakubi kwevalvu yokuphuma yeoyile, ukuguguleka kwetappet kunye necasing yepompo yokudlulisa ioyile, kunye nomonakalo kwiringi yokutywina, ioyile yedizili iya kuvuza kwidama yeoyile kwaye inciphise ioyile. Ke ngoko, kufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngokomgangatho weoyile. Itanki icocwe kakuhle ukuze kususwe udaka kunye nokunye ukungcola ezantsi kwitanki yeoyile, kungenjalo ioyile iya kubola emva kwexesha elifutshane lokusetyenziswa. Ubungakanani beoyile akufuneki bube buninzi okanye buncinci kakhulu. Ioyile eninzi kwi-governor iya kukhokelela ngokulula "ekukhawuleziseni" kwenjini yedizili. Ioyile encinci kakhulu iya kubangela ukuthambisa okungasebenzi kakuhle. I-dipstick yeoyile okanye isikrufu se-oyile siya kusebenza. Ukongeza, xa injini yedizili ingasetyenziswa ixesha elide, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba akukho kungcola okufana namanzi kunye neoyile yedizili kwioyile ekwichibi leoyile yepompo yeoyile. Iziqwenga zibolile zaza zakrwelwa.
3. Jonga rhoqo kwaye ulungise umbane we-fuel kwi-cylinder nganye yepompo yokufaka i-fuel.
Ngenxa yokuguguleka kwe-plunger coupler kunye ne-oil outlet valve coupler, ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kwe-diesel oil kuya kubangela ukuba unikezelo lwamafutha kwi-cylinder nganye lunciphe okanye lungalingani, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima ekuqaliseni injini ye-diesel, amandla angonelanga, ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha okwandileyo, kunye nokusebenza okungazinzi. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo kunye nokulungisa unikezelo lwamafutha kwi-cylinder nganye yepompo yokufaka i-fuel ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwamandla enjini ye-diesel. Xa isetyenziswa ngokwenene, ubungakanani bonikezelo lwamafutha kwi-cylinder nganye bunokufunyanwa ngokujonga umsi wokukhupha wejenereyitha ye-diesel, ukumamela isandi senjini, kunye nokuchukumisa ubushushu be-exhaust manifold.
4. Sebenzisa imibhobho yeoyile eqhelekileyo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubonelela ngepetroli kwipompo yokufaka ipetroli, ngenxa yokucinezeleka kweoyile yedizili kunye nokuthamba kombhobho weoyile oxinzelelo oluphezulu, ioyile yedizili yoxinzelelo oluphezulu iya kwenza ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo kumbhobho, kwaye kuthatha ixesha elithile ukuba igagasi loxinzelelo lidlulisele kumbhobho. Ubungakanani buyafana, injini yedizili isebenza kakuhle, kwaye ubude kunye nobubanzi bombhobho weoyile oxinzelelo oluphezulu zikhethwa emva kokubalwa. Ke ngoko, xa umbhobho weoyile oxinzelelo oluphezulu wesilinda ethile wonakele, umbhobho weoyile wobude obuqhelekileyo kunye nobubanzi bombhobho kufuneka utshintshwe. Ekusetyenzisweni kwangempela, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemibhobho yeoyile eqhelekileyo, kusetyenziswa eminye imibhobho yeoyile endaweni yoko, nokuba ubude kunye nobubanzi beemibhobho zeoyile ziyafana, ukuze ubude kunye nobubanzi beemibhobho zeoyile zahluke kakhulu. Nangona ingasetyenziswa kwimeko engxamisekileyo, iya kukhokelela ekunikezelweni kweoyile yesilinda. Utshintsho lwe-angle yangaphambili kunye nobungakanani bokunikezelwa kweoyile kwenza wonke umatshini usebenze ngokungazinzi, ngoko ke umbhobho weoyile oxinzelelo oluphezulu oqhelekileyo kufuneka usetyenziswe xa usetyenziswa.
5. Jonga rhoqo imeko yokutywina kwe-valve coupler kumatshini.
Emva kokuba ipompo yokufutha ipetroli isebenza ixesha elithile, ngokujonga imeko yokutywina kwevalvu yokufutha, kunokwenziwa isigqibo esiqatha malunga nokuguguleka kwe-plunger kunye nemeko yokusebenza kwepompo yepetroli, nto leyo eluncedo ekumiseleni indlela yokulungisa nokulungisa. Xa ujonga, khulula izihlanganisi zepayipi yeoyile ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu zesilinda nganye, kwaye usebenzise ipompo yeoyile yesandla yepompo yokufutha ioyile ukupompa ioyile. Ukuba ioyile iphuma kwizihlanganisi zepayipi yeoyile phezulu kwepompo yokufutha ioyile, oko kuthetha ukuba ivalvu yokufutha ioyile ayivalwanga kakuhle (ewe, ukuba intwasahlobo yevalvu yokufutha ioyile yaphukile, kuya kwenzeka ukuba oku kuyenzeka), ukuba kukho isitywino esibi kwi-multi-cylinder, ipompo yokufutha ioyile kufuneka ilungiswe kakuhle kwaye igcinwe, kwaye i-coupler kufuneka itshintshwe.
6. Buyisela i-plunger egugileyo kunye ne-oil outlet valve ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Xa kufunyaniswe ukuba injini yedizili kunzima ukuyiqalisa, amandla ayancipha, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kuyanda, kwaye ipompo yokufaka ipetroli kunye ne-fuel injector azikaphuculwa ngokulungisa ipompo yokufaka ipetroli, i-plunger yepompo yokufaka ipetroli kunye ne-fuel outlet valve kufuneka zisuswe kwaye zihlolwe. Ukuba i-plunger kunye ne-fuel outlet valve zigugile ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kufuneka zitshintshwe ngexesha, musa ukunyanzelisa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwakhona. Ubunzima bokuqalisa injini yedizili, ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha okwandileyo, amandla angonelanga kunye nezinye iilahleko ezibangelwa kukuguguleka kweendawo zokudibanisa zidlula kakhulu iindleko zokutshintsha iindawo zokudibanisa, kwaye amandla kunye noqoqosho lwenjini yedizili ziya kuphucuka kakhulu emva kokutshintshwa. Iindawo zokutshintsha.
7. Ioyile yedizili kufuneka isetyenziswe kwaye ihluzwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ioyile yedizili engena kwimpompo yokufaka ipetroli icocekile kakhulu.
Ngokubanzi, iijenereyitha zedizili zineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokuhluza idizili kuneenjini zepetroli. Iioyile zedizili ezihlangabezana neendidi ezifunekayo kufuneka zikhethwe ukuze zisetyenziswe, kwaye kufuneka zitshiswe ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-48. Qinisa ukucoca nokugcina isihluzo sedizili, ukucoca okanye ukutshintsha into yesihluzo ngexesha; ukucoca itanki yedizili ngexesha ngokweemeko zendalo yokusebenza, ukususa ngokupheleleyo udaka kunye nokufuma ezantsi kwitanki yepetroli, kwaye naluphi na ukungcola kwidizili kuya kuchaphazela i-plunger yepompo yokufaka ipetroli kunye nemveliso yeoyile. Ukubola okukhulu okanye ukuguguleka kwee-valve couplers kunye neendawo zokuhambisa.
8. Jonga rhoqo kwaye ulungise i-engile yokuhambisa uphethiloli kwangaphambili kwipompo yokufaka uphethiloli kunye ne-engile yexesha lokuhambisa uphethiloli kwisilinda nganye.
Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ngenxa yokukhululeka kweebholithi zokudibanisa kunye nokuguga kweendawo zomzimba ze-camshaft kunye ne-roller, i-engile yangaphambili yokunikezelwa kweoyile kunye ne-engile yexesha lokunikezelwa kweoyile yesilinda nganye zihlala zitshintshwa, nto leyo eyenza ukutsha kwedizili kube kubi, kunye namandla kunye noqoqosho lwenjini yedizili. Ukusebenza kuyawohloka, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kunzima ukuqala, ukungazinzi ekusebenzeni, ingxolo engaqhelekanga kunye nokushisa kakhulu. Ekusetyenzisweni kwangempela, uninzi lwabaqhubi lunika ingqalelo ekuhlolweni nasekulungisweni kwe-engile yangaphambili yokunikezelwa kweoyile iyonke, kodwa bangayinaki i-engile yexesha lokunikezelwa kweoyile (kubandakanya i-engile yangaphambili yokunikezelwa kweoyile yepompo enye). Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuwohloka kwe-camshafts kunye neendawo zokuhambisa iiroller, i-oyile yeesilinda ezisele ayisoloko iyimfuneko ngexesha, nto leyo eya kukhokelela kubunzima ekuqaliseni injini yedizili, amandla angonelanga, kunye nokusebenza okungazinzi, ngakumbi kwimpompo yokufaka ioyile esele isetyenziswa ixesha elide. Kuthiwa kufuneka kunikwe ingqwalasela engaphezulu ekuhlolweni nasekulungisweni kwe-engile yexesha lokunikezelwa kweoyile.
9. Ukujonga rhoqo indawo evulekileyo ye-camshaft.
Ukususwa kwe-axial kwe-camshaft yepompo yokufaka ipetroli kungqongqo kakhulu, ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-0.03 kunye ne-0.15mm. Ukuba ukususwa kukhulu kakhulu, kuya kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi impembelelo yeendawo zokuhambisa i-roller kumphezulu wokusebenza we-cam, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ukuguguleka kwangoko komphezulu we-cam kwaye kutshintshe umbane. I-oyile engaphambili; I-camshaft bearing shaft kunye nokususwa kwe-radial kukhulu kakhulu, okulula ukubangela ukuba i-camshaft isebenze ngokungalinganiyo, i-lever yokulungisa umthamo weoyile iyashukuma, kwaye umthamo wonikezelo lweoyile utshintsha rhoqo, okwenza injini yedizili isebenze ngokungazinzi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukujonga nokulungisa rhoqo. Xa ukususwa kwe-axial kwe-camshaft kukhulu kakhulu, ii-shims zingongezwa kumacala omabini ukuze kulungiswe. Ukuba ukususwa kwe-radial kukhulu kakhulu, ngokubanzi kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha imveliso entsha.
10. Jonga rhoqo ukuguguleka kweendlela ezibalulekileyo kunye neebholiti zokulungisa.
Iindlela eziphambili kunye neebholiti zibhekisa ikakhulu kwiindlela eziphambili ze-camshaft, iindlela eziphambili ze-coupling flange (iipompo zeoyile ezithumela amandla ngee-coupling), izitshixo ze-semicircular kunye neebholiti zokulungisa i-coupling. Indlela ephambili ye-camshaft, indlela ephambili ye-flange kunye nesitshixo se-semicircular sepompo yokufaka i-fuel injection ziye zasetyenziswa ixesha elide, kwaye ezo zikhanyayo zigugile, nto leyo eyenza indlela enkulu ibe banzi, isitshixo se-semicircular asifakwanga ngokuqinileyo, kwaye i-engile yokuhanjiswa kweoyile iyatshintsha; kwimeko enzima, isitshixo siyaqengqeleka, nto leyo ebangela ukungaphumeleli kokudluliselwa kombane. , ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo nokulungisa okanye ukutshintsha iindawo ezigugileyo ngexesha.
Ukulumkela
Izikhuthazo zeDizili
1. I-O-ring ye-injector yonakele;
2. I-atomization embi ye-injector, i-oyile evuzayo;
3. Ukufakelwa okungafanelekanga kwe-injector;
4. I-O-ring ayizange itshintshwe xa i-injector iphinda ifakelwe.
Indawo yokugcina ijenereyitha yeCummins kufuneka inike ingqalelo kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
1) Indawo yokugcina itanki yepetroli kufuneka ikhuseleke ukuthintela umlilo. Itanki yepetroli okanye idrama yeoyile kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo ebonakalayo yodwa, kude neseti yejenereyitha yedizili, kwaye akuvumelekanga ukutshaya.
2) Umthamo wamafutha kwitanki yepetroli kufuneka uqinisekise ukufumaneka kwemihla ngemihla.
3) Emva kokuba itanki yeoyile ibekwe, inqanaba eliphezulu leoyile alinakuba ngaphezulu kweemitha ezi-2.5 ngaphezulu kwesiseko seseti yejenereyitha yedizili. Ukuba inqanaba leoyile yedepho enkulu yeoyile liphezulu kuneemitha ezi-2.5, kufuneka kongezwe itanki yeoyile yemihla ngemihla phakathi kwedepho enkulu yeoyile kunye neyunithi ukwenza uxinzelelo lokuhanjiswa kweoyile ngokuthe ngqo. Ingabi ngaphezu kweemitha ezi-2.5. Nokuba injini yedizili icinyiwe, ipetroli ayivumelekanga ukuba ingene kwinjini yedizili ngomgca wokungena kwamafutha okanye umgca wokujova amafutha ngumxhuzulane.
4) Ukuxhathisa kwizibuko leoyile akuvumelekanga ukuba kudlule ixabiso elichaziweyo kuzo zonke iishedi zedatha yokusebenza kwenjini yedizili xa usebenzisa into ecocekileyo yokucoca. Eli xabiso lokuxhathisa lisekelwe kwisiqingatha samafutha kwitanki yamafutha.
5) Ukumelana nokubuyela kwepetroli akufuneki kudlule kwiinkcukacha ezikwiphepha ledatha yokusebenza kwenjini yedizili esetyenzisiweyo.
6) Uqhagamshelo lombhobho wokubuyisela ioyile yepetroli akufuneki lubangele ukuba kuvele amaza othuko kumbhobho weoyile yepetroli.
