Ingalo yokujingi ihlala ibekwe phakathi kwevili kunye nomzimba, kwaye licandelo lokhuseleko elinxulumene nomqhubi ohambisa amandla, buthathaka ukuhanjiswa kwevibration, kwaye ilawula indlela.
Ingalo yokujingi ihlala ibekwe phakathi kwevili kunye nomzimba, kwaye licandelo lokhuseleko elinxulumene nomqhubi ohambisa amandla, ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-vibration, kunye nokulawula indlela. Eli nqaku lizisa uyilo oluqhelekileyo lwesakhiwo sengalo yokujingi kwimarike, kwaye ithelekisa kwaye ihlalutye impembelelo yezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo, umgangatho kunye nexabiso.
Ukunqunyanyiswa kwe-chassis yemoto kwahlulwe ngokufanelekileyo kukumiswa kwangaphambili kunye nokumiswa ngasemva. Zombini ezixhonywe ngaphambili nangasemva zineengalo zokujingi zokudibanisa amavili kunye nomzimba. Iingalo zokujingi zihlala ziphakathi kwamavili kunye nomzimba.
Indima yengalo yokujingi yesikhokelo kukudibanisa ivili kunye nesakhelo, ukuhambisa amandla, ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-vibration, kunye nokulawula indlela. Licandelo lokhuseleko elibandakanya umqhubi. Kukho iinxalenye zesakhiwo esihambisa amandla kwindlela yokunqunyanyiswa, ukwenzela ukuba amavili ahambe ngokuhambelana nomzimba ngokwendlela ethile. Iinxalenye zesakhiwo zihambisa umthwalo, kwaye yonke inkqubo yokumiswa ithwala ukusebenza kokuphathwa kwemoto.
Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo sengalo yokujingisa imoto
1. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokudluliselwa komthwalo, uyilo lwesakhiwo sengalo ye-swing kunye neteknoloji
Uninzi lweemoto zanamhlanje zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezizimeleyo zokunqunyanyiswa. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo, iinkqubo ezizimeleyo zokumiswa zingahlulwa zibe yintlobo ye- wishbone , uhlobo lwengalo elandelwayo, uhlobo lwe-multi-link, uhlobo lwekhandlela kunye nohlobo lweMcPherson. Ingalo yomnqamlezo kunye nengalo elandelwayo yisakhiwo samandla amabini kwingalo enye kwi-multi-link, eneendawo ezimbini zokudibanisa. Iintsimbi ezimbini zamandla amabini zihlanganiswe kwi-joint ye-universal kwi-angle ethile, kwaye imigca yokudibanisa yamanqaku adibanisayo yenza isakhiwo se-triangular. Ingalo esezantsi emiswe ngaphambili yeMacPherson yingalo ejingayo enentonga ezintathu eneendawo ezintathu zokudibanisa. Umgca odibanisa amanqaku amathathu okudibanisa yisakhiwo esizinzile se-triangular esinokumelana nemithwalo kwiindlela ezininzi.
Ulwakhiwo lwengalo ejingi yamandla amabini lulula, kwaye uyilo lolwakhiwo luhlala lumiselwa ngokobuchwephesha obahlukileyo bobuchwephesha kunye nokwenza lula kwenkampani nganye. Ngokomzekelo, i-stamped sheet metal structure (jonga i-Figure 1), isakhiwo soyilo yintsimbi enye yentsimbi ngaphandle kwe-welding, kwaye i-cavity yesakhiwo ininzi kwimilo ye "I"; icwecwe lesinyithi esidityanisiweyo isakhiwo (jonga umfanekiso 2), isakhiwo uyilo ipleyiti yentsimbi edityanisiweyo, kwaye umngxuma wolwakhiwo ngakumbi Kukwimilo ye "口"; okanye iipleyiti zokuqinisa zendawo zisetyenziselwa ukuwelda kunye nokomeleza indawo enobungozi; Isakhiwo somatshini wokwenza umatshini wentsimbi, umgodi wolwakhiwo uqinile, kwaye imilo ilungiswa kakhulu ngokweemfuno ze-chassis; isakhiwo sokulungisa umatshini we-aluminium (jonga uMzobo 3), isakhiwo Umzobo uqinile, kwaye iimfuno zemilo zifana nentsimbi; isakhiwo sombhobho wensimbi silula kwisakhiwo, kwaye i-cavity yesakhiwo iyisetyhula.
Ulwakhiwo lwengalo ye-swing-point-point luyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye uyilo lwesakhiwo luhlala lugqitywa ngokweemfuno ze-OEM. Kuhlalutyo lokulinganisa ukunyakaza, ingalo yokujingi ayinakuphazamisana nezinye iindawo, kwaye uninzi lwazo zineemfuno zomgama omncinci. Ngokomzekelo, i-stamped sheet metal structure isetyenziswa kakhulu ngexesha elifanayo njenge-sheet metal welded structure, i-sensor harness hole okanye i-stabilizer bar yokudibanisa i-bracket yokudibanisa i-bracket, njl. umgodi wesakhiwo usekwimo "yomlomo", kunye nengalo yengalo ye-swing Isakhiwo esivaliweyo singcono kunesakhiwo esingavalwanga. Ukwakhiwa komatshini owenziwe ngoomatshini, umgodi wolwakhiwo ubukhulu becala umilo "I", eneempawu zemveli ze-torsion kunye nokumelana nokugoba; ukuphosa isakhiwo somatshini, imilo kunye nesakhiwo sombhobho zixhotyiswe kakhulu ngeembambo zokuqinisa kunye nemingxuma yokunciphisa ubunzima ngokweempawu zokuphosa; i-sheet metal welding Isakhiwo esidibeneyo kunye ne-forging, ngenxa yeemfuno zendawo yokubeka i-chassis yesithuthi, i-joint yebhola ihlanganiswe kwi-forging, kwaye i-forging idibene ne-sheet metal; I-aluminium eyenziwe nge-cast-forged machining structure ibonelela ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingcono kunye nemveliso kunokuba i-forging, kwaye iphezulu kumandla wezinto eziphathekayo, okusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha.
2. Ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-vibration emzimbeni, kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo se-elastic element kwindawo yokudibanisa yengalo ejikelezayo.
Kuba umphezulu wendlela eqhutywa kuyo imoto awunakuba sicaba ngokupheleleyo, amandla okuphendula okuthe nkqo kumphezulu wendlela osebenza kumavili ahlala enempembelelo, ngakumbi xa uqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu kwindlela embi, le mpembelelo yempembelelo ikwabangela umqhubi. ukuziva ungakhululekanga. , izinto ezi-elastic zifakwe kwinkqubo yokumiswa, kwaye uxhumano oluqinileyo luguqulwa lube ludibaniso lwe-elastic. Emva kokuba i-elastic element ichaphazelekile, ivelisa ukungcangcazela, kwaye ukungcangcazela okuqhubekayo kwenza umqhubi azive engonwabanga, ngoko ke inkqubo yokumiswa idinga izinto zokudambisa ukunciphisa i-vibration amplitude ngokukhawuleza.
Amanqaku oqhagamshelwano kuyilo lwesakhiwo sengalo yokujingi ludibaniso lwento eelastiki kunye noqhagamshelo oludibeneyo lwebhola. Izinto ezi-elastic zibonelela ngokudambisa i-vibration kunye nenani elincinci lokujikeleza kunye ne-oscillating degrees yenkululeko. I-Rubber bushings ihlala isetyenziswa njengezinto ezilastiki ezimotweni, kwaye i-hydraulic bushings kunye neehenjisi ezinqamlezayo nazo ziyasetyenziswa.
Umzobo 2 Ishiti lentsimbi yokujingisa ingalo ejingayo
Isakhiwo se-rubber bushing ininzi ipayipi yensimbi enerabha ngaphandle, okanye isakhiwo sesandwich sombhobho wensimbi-irubha-yentsimbi. Umbhobho wensimbi wangaphakathi ufuna ukuchasana noxinzelelo kunye neemfuno zobubanzi, kunye ne-anti-skid serrations eziqhelekileyo kuzo zombini iziphelo. Umaleko werabha ulungelelanisa ifomula yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nesakhiwo soyilo ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zobunzima.
Iringi yentsimbi engaphandle idla ngokuba ne-engile yokukhokela, nto leyo enceda ukucinezela.
I-hydraulic bushing inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye iyimveliso enenkqubo enzima kunye nexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo kwicandelo le-bushing. Kukho umngxuma kwirabha, kwaye kukho ioli kumngxuma. Uyilo lwesakhiwo somgodi lwenziwa ngokweemfuno zokusebenza kwe-bushing. Ukuba ioli iyavuza, i-bushing yonakaliswa. I-hydraulic bushings inokubonelela ngegophe elingcono lokuqina, elichaphazela ukuqhutywa kwesithuthi ngokubanzi.
I-hinge yomnqamlezo inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kwaye iyinxalenye edibeneyo yerabha kunye neehenjisi zebhola. Inokubonelela ngokuqina okungcono kune-bushing, i-angle ye-swing kunye ne-rotation angle, i-curve ekhethekileyo yokuqina, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwesithuthi sonke. Iihenjisi ezinqamlezileyo ezonakeleyo ziya kudala ingxolo kwikhebhu xa isithuthi sihamba.
3. Ngokuhamba kwevili, uyilo lolwakhiwo lwento yokujingi kwindawo yokudibanisa ingalo yokujingi.
Indawo engalinganiyo yendlela ibangela ukuba amavili agxume phezulu kwaye ezantsi malunga nomzimba (isakhelo), kwaye ngexesha elifanayo amavili ahambayo, njengokujika, ukuhamba ngokuthe ngqo, njl., kufuna umkhondo wamavili ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Ingalo yokujingi kunye nejoyinti yendalo yonke idityaniswe ikakhulu yihenjisi yebhola.
Ihinge yebhola yengalo yokujingi inokubonelela nge-engile yokujingi enkulu kune ±18 °, kwaye inokubonelela nge-engile yokujikeleza ye-360 °. Ihlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuneko zokuqhuba ivili. Kwaye ihenjisi yebhola ihlangabezana neemfuno zewaranti yeminyaka emi-2 okanye i-60,000 km kunye neminyaka emi-3 okanye i-80,000 km yemoto yonke.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa phakathi kwengalo yokuguqula kunye nentsimbi yebhola (i-ball joint), inokwahlulwa ibe yi-bolt okanye i-rivet uxhumano, i-hinge yebhola ine-flange; uxhulumaniso lokuphazamiseka kwe-press-fit, ihenjisi yebhola ayinayo i-flange; ezidityanisiweyo, ingalo kajingi kunye nehenjisi yebhola Yonke into enye. Kwisakhiwo sentsimbi enye kunye ne-multi-sheet metal ene-welded, iintlobo ezimbini zangaphambili zokudibanisa zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi; uhlobo lokugqibela loqhagamshelo olufana nentsimbi yokubumba, ukubunjwa kwe-aluminium kunye nentsimbi yokuphosa isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
I-hinge yebhola idinga ukuhlangabezana nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka phantsi komqathango womthwalo, ngenxa ye-angle enkulu yokusebenza kune-bushing, imfuno ephezulu yobomi. Ngoko ke, i-hinge yebhola iyadingeka ukuba iyilwe njengesakhiwo esidibeneyo, kubandakanywa ukuthambisa okulungileyo kwe-swing kunye ne-dustproof kunye nenkqubo yokuthambisa amanzi.
Umzobo 3 IAluminiyam engumjikelo wengalo ejingiweyo
Impembelelo yoyilo lwengalo yojingi kumgangatho kunye nexabiso
1. Umgangatho womgangatho: ukukhanya kungcono
Ubuninzi bendalo bomzimba (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-free vibration frequency yenkqubo yokungcangcazela) egqitywe bukuqina kokunqunyanyiswa kunye nobunzima obuxhaswe yintwasahlobo yokunqunyanyiswa (sprung mass) yenye yezalathisi ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza kwenkqubo yokunqunyanyiswa echaphazela khwela intuthuzelo yemoto. Umthamo wokungcangcazela othe nkqo osetyenziswa ngumzimba womntu kukuphindaphinda komzimba unyuka usehla ngexesha lokuhamba, malunga ne-1-1.6Hz. Ubuninzi bendalo bomzimba kufuneka busondele kangangoko kolu luhlu lwamaza. Xa ukuqina kwenkqubo yokunqunyanyiswa kusoloko, incinci i-sprung mass, encinci i-deformation ye-vertical deformation, kwaye iphezulu i-frequency yendalo.
Xa umthwalo othe nkqo ungaguquguqukiyo, okukhona kuncinci ukuqina kokunqunyanyiswa, kokukhona kusezantsi isantya sendalo semoto, kwaye sikhulu isithuba esifunekayo ukuze ivili litsibe phezulu lisihla.
Xa iimeko zendlela kunye nesantya semoto zifana, incinci i-unsprung mass, encinci impembelelo yempembelelo kwinkqubo yokumiswa. Ubunzima obungaxutywanga bubandakanya ubunzima bevili, i-universal joint kunye nesikhokelo sengalo yesandla, njl.
Ngokubanzi, ingalo yokujingi ye-aluminiyam inobunzima obukhulu kwaye ingalo yokujinga yentsimbi inobunzima obukhulu. Abanye baphakathi.
Ekubeni ubunzima beengalo zokujingi ubukhulu becala bungaphantsi kwe-10kg, xa kuthelekiswa nesithuthi esinobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-1000kg, ubunzima bengalo yokujingi bunempembelelo encinci ekusebenziseni amafutha.
2. Ixabiso lexabiso: kuxhomekeke kwisicwangciso soyilo
Iimfuno ezininzi, ixabiso eliphezulu. Kwimeko yokuba amandla okwakhiwa kunye nokuqina kwengalo ejikelezayo ihlangabezana neemfuno, iimfuno zokunyamezela ukuvelisa, ubunzima benkqubo yokuvelisa, uhlobo lwempahla kunye nokufumaneka, kunye neemfuno zokubola komphezulu zonke zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso. Ngokomzekelo, izinto ezichasene ne-corrosion: i-electro-galvanized coating, ngokusebenzisa i-surface passivation kunye nolunye unyango, inokufikelela malunga ne-144h; ukukhuselwa komphezulu wohlulwe kwipeyinti yepeyinti ye-cathodic electrophoretic, enokufikelela kwi-240h yokuxhathisa ukubola ngohlengahlengiso lobunzima bokugquma kunye neendlela zonyango; i-zinc-iron Okanye i-zinc-nickel coating, enokuthi ihlangabezane neemfuno zovavanyo lwe-anti-corrosion ngaphezu kwe-500h. Njengoko iimfuno zovavanyo lwe-corrosion zinyuka, kunjalo neendleko zenxalenye.
Iindleko zinokuncitshiswa ngokuthelekisa uyilo kunye nezicwangciso zesakhiwo sengalo yokuguqula.
Njengoko sonke sisazi, izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zamanqaku anzima zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuba. Ngokukodwa, kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba ilungiselelo elifanayo elinzima kunye noyilo oluhlukeneyo lwamanqaku okudibanisa kunokubonelela ngeendleko ezahlukeneyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zokudibanisa phakathi kweengxenye zesakhiwo kunye neebhola zebhola: uxhulumaniso ngokusebenzisa iindawo eziqhelekileyo (iibholiti, amantongomane okanye i-rivets), ukudibanisa ukudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa. Xa kuthelekiswa nesakhiwo soxhulumaniso oluqhelekileyo, ukuphazanyiswa kwesakhiwo sokudibanisa sinciphisa iintlobo zamacandelo, njengeebholiti, iinati, iirivets kunye nezinye iindawo. Isiqwenga esinye esihlanganisiweyo kunokuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo sokudibanisa sinciphisa inani leenxalenye zegobolondo edibeneyo yebhola.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokunxibelelana phakathi kwelungu lesakhiwo kunye ne-elastic element: i-front and rear elements elastic are axially parallel and axially perpendicular. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zigqiba iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlanganisa. Ngokomzekelo, ulwalathiso olucinezelayo lwe-bushing lukwicala elifanayo kunye ne-perpendicular kumzimba wengalo ye-swing. Isikhululo esisodwa sokushicilela iintloko ezimbini singasetyenziselwa ukucinezela i-bushings yangaphambili nasemva ngaxeshanye, ukugcina abasebenzi, izixhobo kunye nexesha; Ukuba isalathiso sokufakela asihambelani (esithe nkqo), isikhululo esisodwa sokucofa i-double-head press singasetyenziselwa ukucinezela kunye nokufaka i-bushing ngokulandelanayo, ukugcina abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo; xa i-bushing yenzelwe ukuba icinezelwe ngaphakathi, izikhululo ezibini kunye noomatshini bokushicilela ababini bayafuneka, ngokulandelelana cinezela i-bushing.
