I-Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
I-ABS bubuchwephesha obuphuculweyo obusekwe kwisixhobo sokuqhobosha esiqhelekileyo, kwaye luhlobo lwenkqubo yolawulo lokhuseleko lwemoto enoncedo lwe-anti-skid kunye ne-anti-lock. I-Anti-lock brake luhlobo oluphuculweyo okanye oluphuculweyo lweziqhoboshi eziqhelekileyo.
Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixeka kweziqhoboshi ziyilelwe ukuthintela ukutshixwa kweziqhoboshi kunye nokutyibilika kwevili xa ukuqhokra kunzima okanye kwindawo emanzi okanye emtyibilizi, nto leyo eyongeza uluhlu olubalulekileyo lokhuseleko kukuqhuba kwemihla ngemihla ngokuthintela isithuthi ekutyibilikeni ngendlela eyingozi nokuvumela umqhubi ukuba agcine ulawulo lokuqhuba xa ezama ukumisa. I-ABS ayinayo kuphela umsebenzi wokuqhobosha wenkqubo yesiqhelo yokuqhobosha, kodwa inokuthintela ukutshixa ivili, ukuze imoto ikwazi ukujika phantsi kobume bebraking, iqinisekise uzinzo lwendlela yokuqhobosha yemoto, kwaye ithintele umboniso wecala kunye nokutenxa, sesona sixhobo sihamba phambili sokuqhobosha kwinqwelo-mafutha ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqhobosha.
Inkqubo yokunqanda ukutshixa i-anti-lock kukuthintela ivili ukuba livalwe kwinkqubo yokuqhafaza, enokubangela ukuba: amandla okunciphisa indlela ayancipha kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-braking kuyancipha; Ukunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yevili, xa imoto ibhuqa isitshixo sevili langaphambili, imoto iya kuphulukana nesakhono sokuqhuba, amandla asecaleni ayancitshiswa xa isitshixo sevili sangasemva, ukuzinza kolwalathiso lwebhuleki kuncitshisiwe, okuya kubangela ukuba imoto ijike ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphose umsila okanye i-sideslip. Impembelelo yenkqubo ye-anti-lock braking kwintsebenzo yesithuthi ibonakala ikakhulu ekunciphiseni umgama wokunyathela, ukugcina amandla okuqhuba, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwendlela yokuqhuba kunye nokunciphisa ukuguga kwamatayara. Kwimeko yongxamiseko, umqhubi kufuneka acinezele i-pedal ye-brake kuphela ngokukhawuleza kwaye angayikhululi, kwaye ezinye izinto ziphathwa yi-ABS, ngoko umqhubi unokugxila ekujonganeni nongxamiseko kwaye aqinisekise ukhuseleko lwemoto.
Isifinyezo se-anti-lock braking system yi-ABS, kwaye igama elipheleleyo lesiNgesi yi-anti-lock Brakingsystem, okanye i-Anti-skidBrakingSystem. Okokuqala, "ubambe" ubhekisela kwi-pad ye-brake (okanye isihlangu) kunye ne-disc ye-brake (i-drum ye-brake) ngaphandle kwe-friction ye-sliding sliding, i-friction pair friction heat xa i-braking, i-car kinetic energy ibe shushu, kwaye ekugqibeleni vumela imoto ime okanye ihlise isantya; Okwesibini, ukutshixa ivili okunene kubhekiselele kwimoto ekunyanzelekeni okungxamisekileyo, ivili limile ngokupheleleyo kwaye alijiki, libhekisa kwimoto kwinkqubo yokuqhobosha kanye, ivili alisekho ukujikeleza, xa imoto iziqhoboshele, imoto iya kunika ivili amandla okwenza ukuba ime, ukuze ivili lingaqhubeki nokujikeleza, kodwa ivili liya kumisa ukujikeleza, kodwa ivili liya kumisa ukujikeleza. tyibilikela phambili umgama othile ngaphambi kokuba uye kumisa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba amavili emoto angaphambili nangasemva awekho kumgca othe tye ofanayo, ngenxa ye-inertia, amavili angaphambili nangasemva aya kutyibilika ukuya kwicala lawo langaphambili. Ngokovavanyo lwe-braking limit limit braking, isondo alikwazi ukubonelela ngecala lokubambelela xa i-braking ye-linear igcwele, kwaye isithuthi siya kuba nzima ukugqiba naluphi na ulawulo lwecala. Ngale ndlela, amavili angaphambili nangasemva aya kuhamba ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kwaye isithuthi siya kuba ne-yaw engalawulekiyo (spin), kwaye imoto iya kuphosa umsila wayo. Kule meko, isondo lokuqhuba imoto ayinayo nayiphi na impembelelo, imoto iya kulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo ukulawula, ukuba imeko inzima kakhulu, inokuthi iguqule imoto, ibangele izingozi zendlela kunye nezinye iingozi.
Ukuba iibhuleki zitshixiwe ngokupheleleyo, oku kuguqulwa kwamandla kunokuxhomekeka kuphela kwingxabano phakathi kwetayara kunye nomhlaba. I-friction yahlulahlulwe ibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-rolling friction kunye ne-sliding coefficient, i-coefficient ye-friction ixhomekeke kwimpembelelo yomswakama owomileyo wendlela, xa ivili lokuqhawula kunye nokukhuhlana komhlaba kuya kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe, kukhulu ukuya kwindawo ebalulekileyo emva kokuba kuya kutshintsha ukusuka kwi-rolling ukuya kwi-sliding friction. Amandla okukhuhlana okutyibilikayo aya kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe, ngoko ke i-ABS kukusebenzisa umgaqo wegophe lokukhuhlana ukulungisa amandla okukhuhlana kwevili kule ncopho, ukunciphisa umgama wokuqhawuka. Ukukhuhlana okukhulu kwenza ukuba irabha yesondo ibe nobushushu obuphezulu, i-liquefaction yendawo yendawo yoqhagamshelwano, icuthe umgama wokuqhawuka, kodwa i-sideslip iya kukhawulezisa ukunxiba.
I-Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) yenye yeziqulatho zophando zolawulo lwe-longitudinal dynamics control. I-Anti-lock braking, njengoko igama libonisa, kukuthintela imoto ekubambeni kube kanye, usebenzisa i-intermittent braking. Ibhekisela kuhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo lwe-torque ye-braking (i-wheel braking force) esebenza kwivili ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhawula ukukhusela ivili ekutshixekeni xa i-torque yokuqhawula ikhulu; Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo ye-ABS yanamhlanje inokumisela isantya sokutyibilika kwevili ngexesha lokwenyani, kwaye igcine isantya sokutyibilika kwevili kwibhuleki kufutshane nelona xabiso lifanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, xa inkqubo ye-ABS isebenza, umqhubi akayi kuphulukana nolawulo lokuqhuba isithuthi ngenxa yokutshixa ivili langaphambili, kwaye umgama wokuqhawuka wenqwelo-mafutha uya kuba mncinci kunesitshixo sevili, ukuze kufezekiswe eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqhobosha kunye nokunciphisa amandla empembelelo xa kwenzeka ingozi.
