I-Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
I-ABS bubuchwephesha obuphuculweyo obusekwe kwisixhobo sokuqhobosha esiqhelekileyo, kwaye luhlobo lwenkqubo yolawulo lokhuseleko lwemoto enoncedo lwe-anti-skid kunye ne-anti-lock. I-Anti-lock brake luhlobo oluphuculweyo okanye oluphuculweyo lweziqhoboshi eziqhelekileyo.
Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixa iziqhoboshi ziyilelwe ukuthintela ukutshixwa kwebrake kunye nokutyibilika kwevili xa ukuqhobosha kunzima okanye kwindawo emanzi okanye emtyibilizi, nto leyo eyongeza uluhlu olubalulekileyo lokhuseleko ekuqhubeni yonke imihla ngokuthintela isithuthi ekutyibilikeni ngendlela enobungozi nokuvumela umqhubi ukuba agcine ulawulo lokuqhuba. xa uzama ukuyeka. I-ABS ayinamsebenzi wokuqhobosha nje wenkqubo yesiqhelo yokuqhobosha, kodwa inokuthintela ukutshixa ivili, ukuze imoto ikwazi ukujika phantsi kobume bokuqhobosha, iqinisekise uzinzo lwendlela yokunyathela yemoto, kwaye ithintele umboniso osecaleni kunye nokutenxa, yeyona nto iphambili. Isixhobo sokunyathela esihamba phambili kwimoto enesiphumo esihle sokuqhobosha.
Inkqubo yokunqanda ukutshixa i-anti-lock kukuthintela ivili ukuba livalwe kwinkqubo yokuqhafaza, enokubangela ukuba: amandla okunciphisa indlela ayancipha kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-braking kuyancipha; Ukunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yevili, xa imoto ibhuqa isitshixo sevili langaphambili, imoto iya kuphulukana nesakhono sokuqhuba, amandla asecaleni ayancipha xa isitshixo sevili ngasemva, ukuzinza kwebhuleki kuncitshisiwe, okuya kubangela ukuba imoto ihambe. ukujika ngokukhawuleza kwaye ulahle umsila okanye icala. Impembelelo yenkqubo ye-anti-lock braking kwintsebenzo yesithuthi ibonakala ikakhulu ekunciphiseni umgama wokunyathela, ukugcina amandla okuqhuba, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwendlela yokuqhuba kunye nokunciphisa ukuguga kwamatayara. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, umqhubi kufuneka acinezele kuphela i-pedal ye-brake kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye angayikhululi, kwaye ezinye izinto ziphathwa yi-ABS, ngoko umqhubi unokugxila ekujonganeni nonxunguphalo kwaye aqinisekise ukhuseleko imoto.
Isifinyezo se-anti-lock braking system yi-ABS, kwaye igama elipheleleyo lesiNgesi yi-anti-lock Brakingsystem, okanye i-Anti-skidBrakingSystem. Okokuqala, "bamba" kubhekiselele kwi-pad pad (okanye isihlangu) kunye nediski yebhuleki (idrum yebrake) ngaphandle kokutyibilika kokutyibilika, ubushushu bokungqubana kwesibini xa uqhobosheka, amandla emoto ekinetic ebushushwini, kwaye ekugqibeleni mayiyeke imoto. okanye uthobe isantya; Okwesibini, isitshixo sevili sibhekisa kwimoto kwi-braking engxamisekileyo, ivili limile ngokupheleleyo kwaye alijikelezi, libhekisa kwimoto ekwinkqubo yokuqhobosha kanye, itayara alisajiki, xa imoto igqabhuka, imoto. iya kunika ivili amandla okwenza ukuba ayeke, ukuze ivili alikwazi ukuqhubeka ukujikeleza, kodwa ivili ine inertia ethile, emva kokuba ivili iyekile ukujikeleza, Iya kuqhubeka ukutyibilika phambili umgama othile ngaphambi kokuba ifike ekugqibeleni. ukumisa okupheleleyo. Ukuba amavili emoto angaphambili nangasemva awekho kumgca othe tye ofanayo, ngenxa ye-inertia, amavili angaphambili nangasemva aya kutyibilika ukuya kwicala lawo langaphambili. Ngokovavanyo lwe-braking limit limit braking, isondo alikwazi ukubonelela ngecala lokubambelela xa i-braking ye-linear igcwele, kwaye isithuthi siya kuba nzima ukugqiba naluphi na ulawulo lwecala. Ngale ndlela, amavili angaphambili nangasemva aya kuhamba ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kwaye isithuthi siya kuba ne-yaw engalawulekiyo (spin), kwaye imoto iya kuphosa umsila wayo. Kule meko, isondo lokuqhuba imoto ayinayo nayiphi na impembelelo, imoto iya kulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo ukulawula, ukuba imeko inzima kakhulu, inokuthi iguqule imoto, ibangele izingozi zendlela kunye nezinye iingozi.
Ukuba iibhuleki zitshixiwe ngokupheleleyo, oku kuguqulwa kwamandla kunokuxhomekeka kuphela kwingxabano phakathi kwetayara kunye nomhlaba. I-friction yahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezimbini: i-rolling friction kunye ne-sliding coefficient, i-coefficient ye-friction ixhomekeke kwimpembelelo yomswakama owomileyo wendlela, xa ivili le-brake kunye ne-friction yomhlaba iya kunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe, inkulu ukuya kwindawo ebalulekileyo emva kokuba iya kutshintsha ukusuka kwi-rolling ukuya kwi-sliding friction. . Amandla okukhuhlana okutyibilikayo aya kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe, ngoko ke i-ABS kukusebenzisa umgaqo wegophe lokukhuhlana ukulungisa amandla okukhuhlana kwevili kule ncopho, ukunciphisa umgama wokuqhawuka. Ukukhuhlana okukhulu kwenza ukuba irabha yesondo ibe nobushushu obuphezulu, i-liquefaction yendawo yendawo yoqhagamshelwano, icuthe umgama wokuqhawuka, kodwa i-sideslip iya kukhawulezisa ukunxiba.
I-Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) yenye yeziqulatho zophando zolawulo lwe-longitudinal dynamics control. I-Anti-lock braking, njengoko igama libonisa, kukuthintela imoto ekubambeni kube kanye, usebenzisa i-intermittent braking. Ibhekisela kuhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo lwe-torque ye-braking (i-wheel braking force) esebenza kwivili ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhawula ukukhusela ivili ekutshixekeni xa i-torque yokuqhawula ikhulu; Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo ye-ABS yanamhlanje inokumisela isantya sokutyibilika kwevili ngexesha lokwenyani, kwaye igcine isantya sokutyibilika kwevili kwibhuleki kufutshane nelona xabiso lifanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, xa inkqubo ye-ABS isebenza, umqhubi akayi kuphulukana nolawulo lokuqhuba isithuthi ngenxa yokutshixa ivili langaphambili, kwaye umgama wokuqhawuka wemoto uya kuba mncinci kunesitshixo sevili, ukuze ufezekise eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqhobosha. kunye nokunciphisa amandla empembelelo xa ingozi isenzeka.
