Inkqubo yokuQhekeka echasene nokutshixa (i-ABS)
I-ABS yiteknoloji ephuculiweyo esekelwe kwisixhobo sebrake esiqhelekileyo, kwaye luhlobo lwenkqubo yolawulo lokhuseleko lweemoto kunye neenzuzo ze-anti-skid kunye ne-anti-lock. I-anti-lock brake ngokuyintloko luhlobo lwebrake eqhelekileyo oluphuculweyo okanye oluphuculweyo.
Iinkqubo zokuqhobosha ezichasene nokutshixa zenzelwe ukuthintela ukutshixwa kweebhuleki kunye nokutyibilika kwamavili xa ukuqhobosha kunzima okanye kwiindawo ezimanzi okanye ezityibilikayo, nto leyo eyongeza uluhlu olukhulu lokhuseleko ekuqhubeni yonke imihla ngokuthintela imoto ekutyibilikeni ngendlela eyingozi nokuvumela umqhubi ukuba agcine ulawulo lokuqhuba xa ezama ukuma. I-ABS ayinayo nje kuphela umsebenzi wokuqhobosha wenkqubo yokuqhobosha eqhelekileyo, kodwa ikwanokuthintela ukutshixwa kwamavili, ukuze imoto isakwazi ukujika phantsi kwemeko yokuqhobosha, iqinisekise uzinzo lwecala lokuqhobosha lemoto, kwaye ithintele ukuphambuka ecaleni, sisixhobo sokuqhobosha esiphambili emotweni esinesiphumo esihle sokuqhobosha.
Inkqubo yokuqhobosha ethintela ukutshixwa kwevili kwinkqubo yokuqhobosha, nto leyo enokubangela: amandla okuqhobosha endleleni ayancipha kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqhobosha kuncipha; Ukunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yevili, xa imoto iqhobosha isitshixo sevili elingaphambili, imoto iya kulahlekelwa ngamandla okuqhuba, amandla asecaleni ayancipha xa ivili elingasemva litshixwa, uzinzo lwebhuleki luyancitshiswa, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba imoto ijike ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphose umsila okanye icala. Impembelelo yenkqubo yokuqhobosha ethintela ukutshixwa ekusebenzeni kwesithuthi ibonakala kakhulu ekunciphiseni umgama wokuqhobosha, ukugcina amandla okuqhuba, ukuphucula uzinzo lwendlela yokuqhuba kunye nokunciphisa ukuguguleka kwamatayara. Kwimeko yengxakeko, umqhubi kufuneka acinezele ipedali yebhuleki ngamandla kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye angayikhululi, kwaye ezinye izinto ziphathwa yi-ABS, ukuze umqhubi akwazi ukugxila ekujongeni imeko yengxakeko kwaye aqinisekise ukhuseleko lwemoto.
Isifinyezo senkqubo yokuqhoboshela ethintela ukutshixa yi-ABS, kwaye igama elipheleleyo lesiNgesi yi-anti-lock Brakingsystem, okanye i-Anti-skidBrakingSystem. Okokuqala, "bamba" libhekisa kwi-brake pad (okanye isihlangu) kunye ne-brake disc (i-brake drum) ngaphandle kokuqhoboshela okutyibilikayo, ubushushu bokuqhoboshela xa uqhoboshela, amandla e-kinetic emoto abe bubushushu, kwaye ekugqibeleni uvumele imoto ime okanye yehlise isantya; Okwesibini, ukutshixa kwevili kubhekisa kwimoto ekwi-emergency braking, ivili limile ngokupheleleyo kwaye alijikelezi, libhekisa kwimoto ekwi-braking process kube kanye, itayara ayisajikelezi, xa imoto iqhoboshela, imoto iya kunika ivili amandla ayenza ime, ukuze ivili lingakwazi ukuqhubeka lijikeleza, kodwa ivili line-inertia ethile, emva kokuba ivili liyekile ukujikeleza, Liya kuqhubeka lityibilika phambili umgama othile ngaphambi kokuba lifike ekumeni ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba amavili angaphambili nangasemva emoto akakho kumgca omnye othe tye, ngenxa ye-inertia, amavili angaphambili nangasemva aya kutyibilika aye kwicala lawo. Ngokwendlela yovavanyo lokuqhoboshela umda wetayara, itayara ayinakubamba ecaleni xa iqhoboshela elithe tye ligcwele, kwaye imoto kuya kuba nzima ukuyigqiba nayiphi na indlela yokulawula icala. Ngale ndlela, amavili angaphambili nangasemva aya kuhamba kumacala amabini ahlukeneyo kwaye imoto iya kuba ne-yaw engalawulekiyo (i-spin), kwaye imoto iya kuphosa umsila wayo. Kwimeko enjalo, ivili lokuqhuba lemoto alinampembelelo, imoto iya kulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kulawulo, ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu, inokuthi ibhukuqe imoto, ibangele iingozi zendlela kunye nezinye iingozi.
Ukuba iibhuleki zitshixiwe ngokupheleleyo, olu tshintsho lwamandla lunokuxhomekeka kuphela kungqubano phakathi kwetayara nomhlaba. Ukungqubana kwahlulwe kwiintlobo ezimbini: ukungqubana okuqengqelekayo kunye nokungqubana okutyibilikayo, i-coefficient yokungqubana ixhomekeke kwimpembelelo yomswakama owomileyo wendlela, xa ivili lebhuleki kunye nokungqubana komhlaba kuya kwanda kancinci kancinci, kukhulu ukuya kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo emva kokuba kuya kutshintsha ukusuka ekuqengqelekeni ukuya ekungqubaneni okutyibilikayo. Amandla okungqubana okutyibilikayo aya kuncipha kancinci kancinci, ngoko ke i-ABS kufuneka isebenzise umgaqo wale curve yokungqubana ukulungisa amandla okungqubana kwevili kule ncochoyi, ukuze kuncitshiswe umgama wokubhuleka. Ukungqubana okukhulu kwenza irabha yetayara ibe nobushushu obuphezulu, ukunyibilika kwendawo yomphezulu woqhagamshelwano, kunciphisa umgama wokubhuleka, kodwa icala elisecaleni liya kukhawulezisa ukuguguleka.
Inkqubo yokuQhekelela i-Anti-lock (ABS) yenye yezinto eziphandwayo kulawulo lwe-longitudinal dynamics yesithuthi. I-anti-lock braking, njengoko igama lisitsho, kukuthintela imoto ekuqhobosheni kube kanye, kusetyenziswa i-intermittent braking. Ibhekisa kuhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo lwe-braking torque (i-wheel braking force) esebenza kwivili ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhobosha ukuthintela ivili ekuqhobosheni xa i-braking torque inkulu; Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo ye-ABS yanamhlanje inokumisela isantya sokutyibilika kwevili ngexesha langempela, kwaye igcine isantya sokutyibilika kwevili kwi-brake sisondele kwixabiso elifanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, xa inkqubo ye-ABS isebenza, umqhubi akayi kulahlekelwa lulawulo lokuqhuba kwesithuthi ngenxa yokutshixiwa kwevili langaphambili, kwaye umgama wokuqhobosha wemoto uya kuba mncinci kune-wheel lock, ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqhobosha kunye nokunciphisa amandla okuchaphazeleka xa kwenzeka ingozi.
