Ipani yeoli.
I-oyile ye-oyile sisisiqingatha esisezantsi se-crankcase, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-crankcase esezantsi. Umsebenzi kukuvala i-crankcase njengeqokobhe letanki yokugcina i-oyile, ukuthintela ukungcola ekungeneni, kwaye uqokelele kwaye ugcine i-oyile yokuthambisa equkuqela umva ukusuka kumphezulu wokukhuhlana we-injini ye-diesel, ukutshabalalisa ubushushu obuthile, kunye nokuthintela i-oxidation ye-oyile yokuthambisa. .
I-Oli Sump ibekwe ngaphantsi kwe-injini: iyasuswa kwaye itywine i-crankcase njengendlu yetanki yeoli. I-oyile yepani ubukhulu becala yenziwe ngentsimbi ebhityileyo isitampu sepleyiti, kwaye imilo entsonkothileyo idla ngokuphosa intsimbi okanye ialloyi yealuminiyam. I-oil stabilizer baffle yangaphakathi ifakelwe ukunqanda ukothuka komphezulu we-oyile okubangelwa yi-injini ye-diesel turbulence splash, ehambelana nemvula yokungcola kwe-oyile yokuthambisa, kwaye icala lixhotyiswe ngegeji yeoli ukujonga isixa seoli. Ukongezelela, inxalenye ephantsi ye-pan ye-oyile nayo ixhotyiswe ngeplagi yokukhupha ioli.
uhlobo olumanzi
Uninzi lweemoto emarikeni ziyi-oyile emanzi, isizathu sokuba ibizwa ngokuba yi-oyile emanzi, kungenxa yokuba i-crankshaft crank kunye nentloko yentonga edibanisayo ye-injini iya kuntywiliselwa kwi-oyile yokuthambisa ye-oyile ye-oyile kanye kanye ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. , idlala indima yokuthambisa, kwaye ngenxa yokusebenza kwesantya esiphezulu secrankshaft, ngalo lonke ixesha i-crank intywiliselwa kwiphuli yeoli ngesantya esiphezulu, vuthulula iintyatyambo ezithile zeoli kunye nenkungu yeoli. Ukuthanjiswa kwe crankshaft kunye nokuthwala kubizwa ngokuba yi-splash lubrication. Ngale ndlela, ukuphakama kwenqanaba lolwelo lweoyile yokuthambisa kwipani ye-oyile ineemfuno ezithile, ukuba iphantsi kakhulu, ikrankshaft crank kunye nentloko yentonga yokudibanisa ayinakuntywiliselwa kwioyile yokuthambisa, okukhokelela ekunqongophaleni kokuthambisa kunye ne-crankshaft egudileyo kwaye intonga yokudibanisa kunye negobolondo yokuthwala; Ukuba inqanaba le-oyile yokuthambisa liphezulu kakhulu, liya kukhokelela ekuntywiliselwe ngokupheleleyo, ukuze ukuchasana nokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft kunyuke, kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhokhelele ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kwe-injini, ngelixa i-oyile yokuthambisa kulula ukungena kwigumbi lokutsha le-cylinder, okukhokelela ekubeni ukutshisa i-oyile ye-injini, i-spark plug ukuqokelela kwekhabhoni kunye nezinye iingxaki.
Le ndlela yokuthambisa ilula kwisakhiwo kwaye ayifuni enye itanki yamafutha, kodwa i-tilt yesithuthi ayinakuba mkhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle koko kuya kubangela ingozi ye-cylinder evuthayo ngenxa yokuphulwa kweoli kunye nokuvuza kweoli.
uhlobo olomileyo
Iisumpu ezomileyo zisetyenziswa kwiinjini zomdyarho ezininzi. Ayigcini ioli epanini yeoli, okanye ngokuchanekileyo, akukho pan yeoli. Le miphezulu ishukumayo kwikhrankcase ithambisa ngokucinezela ngaphandle i-oyile ngomngxuma wokulinganisa imitha. Ngenxa yokuba i-pan ye-oyile eyomileyo irhoxisa umsebenzi we-oyile ye-oyile yokugcina i-oyile, ukuphakama kwe-oyile ekrwada kuncitshiswe kakhulu, ukuphakama kwe-injini kuyancipha, kwaye inzuzo yeziko elisezantsi lomxhuzulane lilungele ukulawula. . Inzuzo ephambili kukuphepha ukwenzeka kwe-pan yeoli emanzi ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zezinto ezimbi.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lweoyile yokuthambisa luvela kwimpompo yeoli. Amandla ompompo yeoli adityaniswe ngegiya ngokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Nangona kwi-injini ye-sump emanzi nangona ipompo yeoli iyafuneka ukuba ibonelele ngoxinzelelo lwe-lubrication ye-camshaft. Kodwa olu xinzelelo luncinci kakhulu, kwaye impompo yeoli idinga amandla amancinci kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwii-injini ze-oyile ezomileyo, amandla olu xinzelelo lokuthambisa kufuneka abe mkhulu kakhulu. Kwaye ubungakanani bempompo yeoli bukhulu kakhulu kunobo benjini ye-oyile emanzi. Ngoko ngeli xesha impompo yeoli idinga amandla amaninzi. Oku kufana ne-injini echajiwe kakhulu, impompo yeoli idinga ukusebenzisa inxalenye yamandla enjini. Ngokukodwa ngesantya esiphezulu, isantya se-injini siyenyuka, ukuqina kwentshukumo yeendawo zokukhuhlana kuyenyuka, kwaye ne-oyile yokuthambisa iyafuneka, ngoko ke impompo yeoli ifuna ukubonelela ngoxinzelelo olukhulu, kwaye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-crankshaft kuqiniswa.
Ngokucacileyo, uyilo olunjalo alufanelekanga kwiinjini zezithuthi eziqhelekileyo, kuba kufuneka kulahlekelwe inxalenye yamandla e-injini, engayi kuchaphazela kuphela amandla ombane, kodwa ayilungele ukuphucula uqoqosho. I-Dry sumps ke ngoko ifumaneka kuphela kwii-injini eziphezulu zokufuduka okanye ezinamandla amakhulu, ezifana nezo zakhelwe ukuqhuba kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, i-Lamborghini kukusetyenziswa koyilo lwe-oyile eyomileyo, ngenxa yoko, ukwandisa umda wesiphumo sokuthambisa kwaye ufumane iziko eliphantsi lomxhuzulane kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kunokwenziwa ngokwandisa ukufuduka kunye nezinye iinkalo. , ngokubhekisele kuqoqosho, lo mzekelo awufuni kuqwalasela.
Impompo yokutofa ngamafutha yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokubonelela ngamafutha kwijenereyitha yedizili. Imeko yayo yokusebenza ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla, uqoqosho kunye nokuthembeka kwejeneretha ye-diesel. Ukugcinwa okuchanekileyo kuyimfuno ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwempompo yokutofa kwamafutha kunye nokwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo. Ezi "elementi ezilishumi" zilandelayo zikufundisa ukuba ungayigcina njani impompo yokutofa yejenereyitha yedizili:
Okokuqala, ukugcina ngokuchanekileyo izixhobo zempompo yesitofu.
Isigqubuthelo esisecaleni sempompo, idiphu, iplagi yamafutha (izixhobo zokuphefumla), ivalve yokuphuphuma kweoyile, iplagi ye-oyile yeplagi, isikrufu senqwelomoya ye-oyile, ibhonti yokulungisa impompo yeoyile, njl.njl., ukuqinisekisa ukuba zinjalo, ezi zincedisi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi wenaliti yamafutha. impompo. Ngokomzekelo, i-cover cover inokuthintela ukungena kothuli, amanzi kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo, i-respirator (ene-filter) inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuchithwa kweoli, kunye ne-valve yokuphuphuma kweoli iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ye-fuel ine-pressure ethile ngaphandle kokungena emoyeni. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa ukugcinwa kwezi zincedisi, kwaye ufumanise ukuba umonakalo okanye ukulahleka kufuneka kulungiswe okanye kufakwe endaweni ngexesha.
Okwesibini, kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo ukuba isixa seoli kwi-fuel injection pump oil pool kunye nomgangatho wayo uhlangabezana neemfuno.
Ixesha ngalinye phambi kokuba uqalise i-diesel generator kufuneka ujonge ubungakanani beoyile kwimpompo yokutofa kunye nomgangatho wayo (ngaphandle kwempompo yokutofa enyanzeliswa ukuba ithanjiswe yi-injini), ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixa seoli sanele kunye nomgangatho. kuhle, ukuba i-oyile yonakele ngenxa yokuxutywa kwamanzi okanye idizili, ukukhanya kuya kubangela ukunxiba kwangaphambili kwe-plunger kunye nevalve yokukhupha i-oyile, okukhokelela kumandla anganeleyo enjini yedizili kwaye kunzima ukuqalisa. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kuya kubangela ukubola kunye nokuhlwa kwe-plunger kunye nevalve yokuphuma kweoli. Ngenxa yokuvuza kwimpompo yeoli, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwevalve yokuphuma kweoyile, ukunxitywa kwetappet kunye neqokobhe lempompo yeoli, kunye nomonakalo womsesane wokutywina, i-oyile ye-diesel iya kuvuza kwiphuli yeoli kwaye ihlambulule ioyile, kufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha ngokuhambelana nomgangatho weoli, kwaye ichibi leoli kufuneka licocwe ngokucokisekileyo xa litshintshwa, kwaye ukungcola okufana nodaka ezantsi kwe-oyile kuya kususwa, ngaphandle koko. ioli iya konakala ngexesha elifutshane. Isixa seoli asikwazi ukuba sininzi okanye sincinci kakhulu, ifutha eninzi kwirhuluneli, kulula ukukhokelela kwi-injini ye-diesel "ebhabha", i-fuel encinci iya kwenza i-lubrication engalunganga, kufuneka isekelwe kumlawuli we-oyile okanye i-oil plane screw. . Ukongeza, xa injini ye-diesel ingasetyenziswanga ixesha elide, qiniseka ukuba ukhangele ukuba kukho amanzi, idizili kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwi-oyile yepompo yeoli, ukuba kukho ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza, ngaphandle koko ngenxa yokugcinwa kwexesha elide. , amanzi kulula ukwenza i-plunger, i-valve ye-oyile edibanisa iindawo zirusa kwaye zife.
Okwesithathu, kufuneka sihlolisise rhoqo kwaye silungelelanise ukunikezelwa kweoli kwi-cylinder nganye yepompo yokutofa.
Ngenxa yokuguga kunye nokukrazula kokudityaniswa kwe-plunger kunye nevalve ye-oyile, ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kwedizili kuya kubangela ukuhanjiswa kweoyile yesilinda nganye kwehle okanye kungalingani, okukhokelela kubunzima bokuqalisa injini yedizili, ukungabikho kwamandla, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwamafutha, kunye nokungazinzi kokusebenza. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo kwaye ulungelelanise ukunikezelwa kweoli kwi-cylinder nganye yepompo yokutofa ukuqinisekisa amandla enjini ye-diesel. Eyona nto isetyenziswayo, ubungakanani beoyile ekhutshwa ngumbhobho ngamnye unokumiselwa ngokujonga umsi ophumayo wejenereyitha yedizili, ukumamela isandi senjini, nokubamba iqondo lobushushu eliphindaphindekayo.
Isine, ukusebenzisa iityhubhu esemgangathweni yoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Impompo yokutofa ngamafutha kwinkqubo yonikezelo lweoyile, ngenxa yoxinzelelo lweoyile yedizili, ukuqina kwetyhubhu enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, idizili enoxinzelelo oluphezulu iyakwenza ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo kwityhubhu, ukuhanjiswa kwamaza oxinzelelo kwityhubhu kuthatha ixesha elithile. umyalelo wokuqinisekisa ukuba isithuba sokunikezelwa kweoyile yesilinda siyafana, unikezelo lweoyile luyafana, injini yedizili isebenza kakuhle, ubude kunye nobubanzi betyhubhu yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ikhethwa emva ukubala. Ngoko ke, xa i-high-pressure tubing ye-cylinder yonakaliswa, i-tubing enobude obuqhelekileyo kunye nobubanzi kufuneka itshintshwe. Ekusetyenzisweni okwenyani, ngenxa yokungabikho kwetyhubhu eqhelekileyo, sebenzisa enye iityhubhu endaweni yokuqwalasela ukuba ubude betyhubhu kunye nobubanzi bombhobho buyafana, ukuze ubude betyhubhu kunye nobubanzi bombhobho buhluke kakhulu. , nangona ingasetyenziswa kwimeko kaxakeka, kodwa iya kukhokelela kutshintsho kwi-oyile yonikezelo lwe-Angle kunye nobungakanani bonikezelo lwe-oyile ye-cylinder kwangaphambili, okubangele umsebenzi ongalinganiyo womatshini wonke, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kufuneka kusetyenziswe umgangatho. iityhubhu ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Isihlanu, ukujonga rhoqo ukutywinwa kokudibanisa ivalve.
Ipompo ye-injection isebenza ixesha elithile, kwaye ngokujonga imeko yokutywinwa kwe-valve yeoli, ukugqoka i-plunger kunye nemeko yokusebenza yepompo yeoli inokugwetywa ngokufanelekileyo, ehambelana nokumisela indlela yokulungisa nokugcina. Ngexesha lokuhlolwa, khulula i-high-pressure ye-tubing joint ye-cylinder nganye kunye ne-oyile yepompo kunye nempompo yesandla yempompo yeoli, ukuze kubekho ukuhamba kweoli ephuma kwijoyinti ye-tubing phezulu kwimpompo yokutofa, ebonisa ukuba ioli. ivalve yokutywina ayilunganga (ngokuqinisekileyo, njengemithombo yevalve ye-oyile yaphukile), okufana nesenzeko esibi sesitywina seesilinda ezininzi, kuya kufuneka ucokiseke ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ulondoloze impompo yokutofa kwaye ubeke indawo yesibini.
Nceda usitsalele umnxeba xa ufuna such iimveliso.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. uzibophelele ekuthengiseni MG & MAUXS iinxalenye auto wamkelekile ukuthenga.
