Zeziphi izinto eziphambili ezisetyenziswa ekushukumeni kwenjini?
Indibano ephambili yenxalenye yokuhamba yenjini, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-crankshaft kunye ne-connecting rod mechanism, yinxalenye ehamba phambili yenjini evumela ukuguqulwa kwamandla.
Le ndibano yenziwe ikakhulu ngezi zinto zilandelayo:
I-piston: Ihamba isiya phambili nangasemva kwisilinda, ithwele uxinzelelo oluvela kwiigesi ezivuthayo.
Indandatho yepiston: Ifakwe kwipiston, isebenza imisebenzi yokutywina, ukuhambisa ubushushu, kunye nokukrwela ioyile.
Iphini yepiston: Idibanisa ipiston kwintonga yokudibanisa, idlulisela amandla.
Intonga yokudibanisa: Idlulisela intshukumo yokuphindaphinda yepiston kwi-crankshaft kwaye iyiguqule ibe yintshukumo yokujikeleza.
I-crankshaft: Ifumana amandla kwinduku yokudibanisa kwaye iguqula intshukumo ethe tye yepiston ibe yintshukumo ejikelezayo, esebenza njenge-output shaft yenjini.
I-flywheel: Ifakwe ngasemva kwe-crankshaft, igcina kwaye ikhuphe amandla ukwenza injini isebenze kakuhle kwaye isebenze njengecandelo lokudibanisa ukuqala kunye nokudlulisela.
Ezi zixhobo zisebenza kunye ukugqiba ukuguqulwa kwamandla eekhemikhali ukuya kumandla oomatshini, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yindibano eshukumayo yenjini.
Kwinjini, "indibano ephambili yecandelo elihambayo" idla ngokubhekisa kwi-crankshaft kunye nendlela yokudibanisa intonga, eyiyo iseti eyintloko yecandelo elihambayo elivumela ukuguqulwa kwamandla kwinjini.
Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukuguqula amandla obushushu aveliswa kukutsha kwepetroli kwisilinda abe ngamandla oomatshini ajikelezayo, ngaloo ndlela eqhuba imoto okanye oomatshini ukuba basebenze.
Inkqubo ethile yokusebenza yile ilandelayo:
I-piston ihamba isiya phambili nangasemva kwi-cylinder, ithwele uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvela kwiigesi ezivuthayo.
Intonga yokudibanisa idibanisa i-piston kwi-crankshaft, idlulisela intshukumo ethe tye ye-piston kwaye iyiguqule ibe kukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft.
I-crankshaft (edla ngokudityaniswa ne-crankshaft) idlulisela amandla okujikeleza kwi-gearbox, amavili okuqhuba, okanye eminye imishini esebenzayo.
I-flywheel (edla ngokudityaniswa ne-crankshaft) igcina amandla kwaye yenza injini isebenze kakuhle, yoyisa ukuxhathisa kwe-strokes ezingasebenziyo.
Ngoko ke, i-crankshaft kunye ne-connecting rod mechanism yindlela ephambili yokuhlanganisa izinto ezishukumayo evumela ukuguqulwa "kwamandla ekhemikhali → amandla obushushu → amandla oomatshini" kwinjini, kwaye ibizwa ngokuba "sisikeleti" kunye neziko lokukhupha amandla enjini.
Indibano ephambili yecandelo elihambayo lenjini idla ngokubhekisa kwiseti yecandelo elingaphakathi kwenjini elinoxanduva lokuhamba kwengundoqo, ikakhulu kubandakanya i-crankshaft, intonga yokudibanisa, i-piston, indandatho yepiston, iivalvu, i-camshaft, itshayini yexesha okanye ibhanti, njl. Ezi candelo zisebenza kunye ukuguqula amandla aveliswa kukutsha kwepetroli abe yintshukumo yoomatshini. Xa ezi candelo zibalulekileyo zingaphumeleli, kuya kukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekwehleni kokusebenza kwenjini okanye nasekusileleni ngokupheleleyo.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeziphene kwindibano ephambili yecandelo elihambayo lenjini ziquka:
Ingxolo engaqhelekanga: Izandi ezicacileyo zokunkqonkqoza (ukunkqonkqoza), ukungqubana kwesinyithi, okanye izandi ezinzima "zokungqubana" zenzeka ngaphakathi kwenjini, okuhlala kubangelwa kukuguguleka okukhulu, ukususwa kakhulu, okanye ukuthambisa okungekho sempilweni kwepiston, iibheringi zentonga ezidibanisayo, okanye iibheringi eziphambili zecrankshaft. Ikhonkco lexesha/ibhanti elikhululekileyo okanye amazinyo okutsiba aya kuvelisa iingxolo ezikhethekileyo.
Ukunciphisa amandla amakhulu kunye nokungcangcazela: Isithuthi asinawo amandla okukhawulezisa, siphendula kancinci, kwaye sifumana ukungcangcazela okucacileyo nokuqhubekayo xa singenzi nto okanye ngelixa siqhuba. Oku kusenokuba ngenxa yokuguguleka kweringi yepiston okubangela uxinzelelo olunganelanga lwesilinda, izitywino zeevalvu ezikhululekileyo, okanye ukungalungelelani kakuhle kwexesha, okubangela ukwehla okukhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle komlilo.
Ukukhupha umoya omninzi: Umbhobho wokukhupha umoya uhlala ukhupha umsi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluphawu lokuchitheka kweoyile kwigumbi lokutsha elitshiswayo, okubangelwa kukuwohloka kweringi yepiston, izitywino zeevalvu ezigugayo, okanye imikrwelo eludongeni lwesilinda. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokubakho nomsi omnyama (ukutsha okungaphelelanga) okanye umsi omhlophe (isibandisi esingena kwigumbi lokutsha).
Ubunzima bokuqalisa okanye ukungakwazi ukuqalisa: Nangona i-starter ingasebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, injini ayikwazi ukutsha kwaye isebenze. Oku kusenokubangelwa kukunganyamezelani okugqithisileyo koomatshini bangaphakathi (njengokutsala isilinda, ukubamba umngxuma) okanye ukwaphuka ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo yexesha okubangela ukuphazamiseka phakathi kweevalvu kunye nepiston.
Ukusetyenziswa kweoyile okungaqhelekanga: Ukuba akukho ukuvuza okubonakalayo kweoyile yangaphandle, inqanaba leoyile liyehla ngokukhawuleza kwaye lifuna ukuphinda lizaliswe, nto leyo ebonisa ukuguguleka kwangaphakathi okubangela ukutsha kweoyile. Ukushisa kakhulu kwenjini: Ukungqubana okugqithisileyo kwangaphakathi (njengokuguguleka kweebheringi, ukubanjwa kwesilinda) okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yokupholisa (njengokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-water pump drive) okuthintela ukuba ingasebenzi kakuhle kukhokelela ekonyukeni okukhulu kobushushu bamanzi.
Ezi mpazamo zihlala zibangelwa zizinto ezifana nokungalungiswa ixesha elide, ukusetyenziswa kweoyile yenjini ekumgangatho ophantsi, iingxaki zenkqubo yokupholisa, okanye ukusebenza kakhulu komthwalo wenjini. Xa ezi mpawu zibonakala, ingakumbi izandi ezingqongqozayo, ukungcangcazela okukhulu, okanye ukukhutshwa komsi omnyama, umntu kufuneka ayeke ukuqhuba ngoko nangoko aze afune ukulungiswa kobuchwephesha. Ngaphandle koko, kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba injini igqitywe ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi, qhubeka ufunda amanye amanqaku kule sayithi!
Nceda usitsalele umnxeba ukuba ufuna iimveliso ezinjalo.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. uzimisele ukuthengisa iMG&MAXUSiinxalenye zeemoto zamkelekile ukuthenga.
