Yintoni imitha yokuhamba komoya emotweni
I-sensor yokuhamba komoya, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-air flowmeter, yenye yezona sensor zibalulekileyo kwiinjini ze-elektroniki zokufutha amafutha. Iguqula ukuhamba komoya okufuthwayo kube yisignali yombane ize iyithumele kwiyunithi yolawulo lwe-elektroniki (ECU), esebenza njengenye yeempawu ezisisiseko zokumisela ukufakwa kwepetroli kwaye sisixhobo sokulinganisa ukuhamba komoya okufuthwayo kwinjini.
Kwisixhobo esilawulwa nge-elektroniki sokufaka amafutha, i-sensor elinganisa ubungakanani bomoya ophefumlelwa yinjini, oko kukuthi i-sensor yokuhamba komoya, yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezimisela ukuchaneka kolawulo lwenkqubo. Xa ukuchaneka kolawulo komlinganiselo womoya-mafutha (A/F) womoya kunye nomxube ofunxwa yinjini kuchazwe njenge-±1.0, impazamo evumelekileyo yenkqubo yi-± 6% ukuya kwi-7%. Xa le mpazamo evumelekileyo isasazwa kwicandelo ngalinye lenkqubo, impazamo evumelekileyo ye-sensor yokuhamba komoya yi-± 2% ukuya kwi-3%.
Umlinganiselo womoya ohamba ngamandla ukuya kumlinganiselo omncinci wokungenisa umoya wenjini yepetroli, max/min, yi-40 ukuya kwi-50 kwinkqubo evuthelweyo ngokwendalo kunye ne-60 ukuya kwi-70 kwinkqubo ene-turbocharged. Ngaphakathi kolu luhlu, i-sensor yokuhamba komoya kufuneka ikwazi ukugcina ukuchaneka komlinganiselo we-±2 ukuya kwi-3[%]. I-sensor yokuhamba komoya esetyenziswa kwisixhobo sokujova amafutha esilawulwa ngombane akufuneki igcine ukuchaneka komlinganiselo kuluhlu olubanzi lokulinganisa, kodwa ikwafanele ibe nempendulo entle yokulinganisa, ikwazi ukulinganisa ukuhamba komoya okubethayo, kwaye ukucutshungulwa kwesignali yokuphuma kufuneka kube lula.
Ngokweempawu ezahlukeneyo zesenzi sokuhamba komoya, inkqubo yokulawula ipetroli yahlulwe yaba lulawulo lohlobo lwe-L olulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo umthamo wokungenisa kunye nolawulo lohlobo lwe-D olulinganisa ngokungathanga ngqo umthamo wokungenisa ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokulinganisa umthamo wokungenisa. Umthamo wokungenisa ulinganiswa ngokungathanga ngqo ngokwengcinezelo engalunganga ye-manifold yokungenisa kunye nesantya senjini. Kwimo yokulawula yohlobo lwe-D, i-microcomputer ROM igcina kwangaphambili umthamo womoya wokungenisa phantsi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo ngesantya senjini kunye noxinzelelo kumbhobho wokungenisa njengeeparameter. Ngokusekelwe kuxinzelelo lokungenisa kunye nesantya esilinganiswe kwimeko nganye yokusebenza kunye nokubhekisa kumthamo womoya wokungenisa okhunjulwayo kwi-ROM, i-microcomputer inokubala ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli. I-air flowmeter esetyenziswa kulawulo lohlobo lwe-L iyafana naleyo yesenzi sokuhamba komoya ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, inokuqhelana nendawo enzima yeemoto, kodwa ikwanemfuneko yokuphendula kutshintsho olubukhali lokuhamba xa i-accelerator icinezelwe kunye nemfuneko yokufunyanwa ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu kumoya ongalinganiyo obangelwa yimo ye-manifolds yokungenisa ngaphambi nasemva kwesenzi.
Inkqubo yokuqala yokulawula i-electronic fuel injection yayingasebenzisi ii-microcomputers. Endaweni yoko, yayiyi-analog circuit. Ngelo xesha, kwasetyenziswa i-air flow sensor efana ne-valve, kodwa njengoko ii-microcomputers zazisetyenziswa ukulawula i-fuel injection, kwavela nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zee-air flow sensors.
Ulwakhiwo lwesenzi sokuhamba komoya sohlobo lwevalvu.
I-sensor yomoya yohlobo lwevalvu ifakelwe kwinjini yepetroli, phakathi kwesihluzo somoya kunye ne-throttle. Umsebenzi wayo kukubona umthamo womoya ongenayo kwinjini kunye nokuguqula iziphumo zokufumanisa zibe ziimpawu zombane, ezithi emva koko zifakwe kwi-microcomputer. Le sensor yenziwe ngamacandelo amabini: i-air flowmeter kunye ne-potentiometer.
Okokuqala, makhe sijonge inkqubo yokusebenza kwesenzi sokuhamba komoya. Umoya otsalwa sisihluzo somoya ungena ngokukhawuleza uye kwivalvu. Ivalvu ima kwindawo apho umthamo wokungenisa ulinganiswe khona nentwasahlobo yokubuya. Oko kukuthi, iqondo lokuvula levalvu lihambelana ngqo nomthamo wokungenisa. I-potentiometer ikwafakelwa kwishafti ejikelezayo yevalvu. Ingalo etyibilikayo ye-potentiometer ijikeleza ngokulinganayo nevalvu. Ukuwa kwevolthi yokumelana nokutyibilika kusetyenziswa ukuguqula iqondo lokuvula lepleyiti yokulinganisa ibe sisignali yombane, emva koko ifakwa kwisekethe yokulawula.
Inzwa yokuhamba komoya ye-Kaman vortex
Ukuze koyiswe iziphene ze-sensor yokuhamba komoya yohlobo lwevalvu, oko kukuthi, ukwandisa uluhlu lokulinganisa ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kunye nokususa oonxibelelwano abatyibilikayo, kuye kwaphuhliswa i-sensor yokuhamba komoya encinci nekhaphukhaphu, oko kukuthi i-sensor yokuhamba komoya ye-vortex ye-Karman,. I-vortex ye-Karman yinto ebonakalayo. Indlela yokufumanisa i-vortex kunye nesekethe yokulawula ye-elektroniki ayinanto yakwenza nokuchaneka kokufumanisa konke konke. Indawo yokuhamba komoya kunye notshintsho lobungakanani bekholamu evelisa i-vortex zimisela ukuchaneka kokufumanisa. Kwakhona, kuba imveliso yolu hlobo lwe-sensor yisignali ye-elektroniki (i-frequency), xa kufakwa imiqondiso kwisekethe yokulawula yenkqubo, i-AD converter inokushiywa. Ke ngoko, ngokwenyani, i-sensor yokuhamba komoya ye-vortex ye-Karman yisignali efanelekileyo yokucubungula i-microcomputer. Le sensor inezibonelelo ezintathu ezilandelayo: ukuchaneka kovavanyo oluphezulu, ukukwazi ukuvelisa imiqondiso ethe tye, kunye nokucubungula ngokulula kwesignali; Ukusebenza akuyi kutshintsha nasemva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide. Ekubeni isetyenziselwa ukubona izinga lokuhamba kwe-volumetric, akukho mfuneko yokulungisa ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo lomoya.
Xa kuveliswa i-vortex yeKarman, iyatshintsha ngokwesantya kunye noxinzelelo. Umgaqo osisiseko wokufumanisa ukuhamba kukusebenzisa utshintsho kwisantya ngaphakathi kwayo. Imiqondiso ngamaza asikwere kunye nemiqondiso yedijithali. Okukhona ivolumu yokungenisa iphezulu, kokukhona i-vortex yeKarman iphakama, kwaye kokukhona i-frequency yesignali yokukhupha ye-sensor yokuhamba komoya iphezulu.
I-sensor yokuhamba komoya ehlawulela ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulinganisa ukuhamba kweendlela ezahlukeneyo kwimibhobho yemizi-mveliso, efana negesi, ulwelo, umphunga, njl. Iimpawu zayo ziquka ukulahleka koxinzelelo oluphantsi, uluhlu olubanzi lokulinganisa, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kwaye ayichaphazeleki phantse ziiparameter ezifana nobuninzi bolwelo, uxinzelelo, ubushushu kunye ne-viscosity xa kulinganiswa isantya sokuhamba komthamo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza. Akukho zixhobo zoomatshini ezihambayo, ngoko ke inokuthembeka okuphezulu kwaye ayifuni ukugcinwa kangako. Iiparameter zesixhobo zinokuhlala zizinzile ixesha elide. Esi sixhobo samkela ii-piezoelectric stress sensors, ezithembekileyo kakhulu kwaye zinokusebenza ngaphakathi koluhlu lobushushu bokusebenza oluphakathi kwe--10℃ ukuya kwi-+300℃. Inezibonakaliso ezisemgangathweni ze-analog kunye ne-digital pulse signals output, okwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kunye neenkqubo zedijithali ezifana neekhompyutha. Lizinga lokuhamba eliphambili nelifanelekileyo.
Eyona nzuzo inkulu yezinzwa zokuhamba komoya kukuba i-instrument coefficient ayichaphazeleki ziimpawu zomzimba ze-medium elinganisiweyo kwaye inokwandiswa ukusuka kwenye i-medium eqhelekileyo ukuya kwenye imidiya. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomahluko omkhulu kuluhlu lwesantya sokuhamba kolwelo kunye negesi, uluhlu lwee-frequency nalo luyahluka kakhulu. Kwisekethe ye-amplifier yokucubungula imiqondiso yesitalato se-vortex, i-passband yesihluzo yahlukile, kwaye kunjalo neeparameter zesekethe. Ke ngoko, iparameter yesekethe efanayo ayinakusetyenziswa ukulinganisa ii-interfaces ezahlukeneyo.
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