Ipiston.
I-Piston yintshukumo ephindaphindayo kwi-cylinder yomzimba we-injini yemoto. Isakhiwo esisisiseko sepiston sinokuhlulwa sibe phezulu, intloko kunye nesiketi. Umphezulu wepiston yiyona nxalenye ephambili yegumbi lokutsha, kwaye imilo yayo ihambelana nefom yegumbi lokutsha elikhethiweyo. Iinjini zepetroli zihlala zisebenzisa ipiston ephezulu, enenzuzo yendawo encinci yokufunxa ubushushu. Umphezulu wepiston we-injini ye-diesel uhlala unemihadi eyahlukeneyo, imilo yayo ethile, indawo kunye nobukhulu kufuneka bube nokwakheka komxube we-injini ye-diesel kunye neemfuno zokutsha.
Umphezulu wepiston licandelo legumbi lokutsha, ngoko ke ihlala yenziwe ngeemilo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ipiston ye-injini yepetroli ubukhulu becala isebenzisa umphezulu osicaba okanye umphezulu we-concave, ukuze igumbi lokutsha lihlangane, indawo yokulahla ubushushu incinci. , kwaye inkqubo yokuvelisa ilula. Iipiston zentloko zeConvex ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiinjini ezimbini zepetroli. Imiphezulu yepiston yeenjini zedizili zihlala zenziwe ngemingxuma eyahlukeneyo.
Intloko yepiston inxalenye engaphezulu kwesihlalo se-piston, kwaye intloko yepiston ifakwe ngendandatho yepiston ukukhusela ukushisa okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegesi ekungeneni kwi-crankcase kunye nokukhusela ioli ekungeneni kwigumbi lokutsha; Uninzi lobushushu obufunxwa ngumphezulu wepiston bukwadluliselwa kwi-cylinder ngentloko yepiston, emva koko idluliselwe kwindawo yokupholisa.
Intloko yepiston icutshungulwa ngeegrooves ezininzi zokufakela amakhonkco episton, kwaye inani lamakhonkco episton lixhomekeke kwiimfuno zetywina, elinxulumene nesantya senjini kunye noxinzelelo lwecylinder. Iinjini zesantya esiphezulu zinezangqa ezimbalwa kuneenjini ezinesantya esiphantsi, kwaye iinjini zepetroli zinezangqa ezimbalwa kuneenjini zedizili. Iinjini zepetroli ngokubanzi zisebenzisa iiringi zegesi ezi-2 kunye neringi yeoli e-1; I-injini ye-diesel inezindandatho ze-3 zegesi kunye ne-oyile ye-1; Injini yedizili enesantya esisezantsi isebenzisa amakhonkco egesi ayi-3 ~ 4. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukulahleka kwe-friction, ukuphakama kwenxalenye yebhanti kufuneka kuncitshiswe ngokusemandleni, kwaye inani lamakhonkco kufuneka lincitshiswe phantsi kweemeko zokuqinisekisa ukutywinwa.
Zonke iinxalenye zeringi yepiston ngaphantsi kwegroove zibizwa ngokuba ziipiston skirts. Indima yayo kukukhokela ipiston kwi-cylinder ye-reciprocating motion kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo lwecala. Xa injini isebenza, ngenxa yempembelelo yoxinzelelo lwegesi kwi-cylinder, i-piston iya kugoba kwaye iguqule. Emva kokuba ipiston ishushu, isixa sokwandiswa sikhulu kunezinye iindawo ngenxa yesinyithi kwipiston yepiston. Ukongeza, i-piston iya kuvelisa i-extrusion deformation phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lwecala. Njengomphumo we-deformation engentla, icandelo le-piston skirt liba yi-ellipse kwicala le-axis ende ye-perpendicular kwi-piston pin. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokusabalalisa okungafaniyo kweqondo lokushisa kunye nobunzima kunye ne-axis ye-piston, ukwanda kwe-thermal yecandelo ngalinye kukhulu phezulu kwaye kuncinci ngaphantsi.
Iintsilelo eziphambili zendibano yepiston kunye nezizathu zazo zezi zilandelayo:
1. Ukukhutshwa komphezulu wepiston. I-piston ablation ibonakala phezulu kwipiston, kunye nemingxuma ekhululekile kwiimeko ezilula kunye nokunyibilika kwendawo kwiimeko ezinzima. Isizathu esona sizathu sokukhutshwa komphezulu wepiston kubangelwa ukutsha okungaqhelekanga, ukwenzela ukuba umphezulu wamkele ukushisa okukhulu okanye uqhube phantsi komthwalo omkhulu emva kokuba i-piston ring ibambelele kwaye yaphukile.
I-2, indawo ephezulu yepiston iyaqhekeka. Isalathiso sokuqhekeka kwindawo ephezulu yepiston ngokuqhelekileyo i-perpendicular kwi-axis ye-pin hole ye-piston, eyona nto ibangelwa kukuphazamiseka kokukhathala okubangelwa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal. Isizathu: ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kwe-injini kukhokelela ekuguqulweni okugqithisileyo kwepiston, okukhokelela ekudinweni kokuqhekeka komphezulu wepiston;
3, ipiston ring groove ecaleni ukunxiba eludongeni. Xa ipiston ihla inyuka, ikhonkco yepiston kufuneka ibe yi-radial telescopic kunye nokuguqulwa kwesilinda, ngakumbi ubushushu be-ring groove yokuqala iphezulu, kwaye ichatshazelwa yi "impembelelo" yegesi kunye ne-oyile wedge, i-ring friction kunye ne-vibration kwenzeka kwi-groove groove, ebangela ukugqoka;
4. Iringi yepiston yicoke encanyatheliswe kwi-ring groove. I-piston ring coking sisiphumo sokuthambisa i-oyile oxidation deposition okanye ilahleko yeringi yenkululeko yokuhamba kwitanki, oku kusilela kuyingozi kakhulu. Ezona zizathu: i-injini ye-diesel overheating okanye umsebenzi wokulayisha ixesha elide, ukuze i-oyile yokuthambisa, i-piston ring, i-cylinder deformation enzulu yokushisa; Ungcoliseko lweoyile yokuthambisa lunobuzaza, umgangatho weoyile yokuthambisa umbi; Isixhobo sokungenisa umoya sekhrankcase sisebenza kakubi, sibangela uxinzelelo olubi olugqithisileyo okanye ukuxinana komoya okulambathayo kwe-cylinder, okukhokelela ekubalekeni kwe-oyile. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kweoli efanelekileyo ukukhusela injini ye-diesel ekushiseni.
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