Ingaba indibano yepiston iqulathe ntoni?
Indibano yepiston yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-injini yemoto, eyona nto yenziwe ngamacandelo amathandathu alandelayo:
1. I-Piston: Iyinxalenye yegumbi lokutsha kwaye ixhotyiswe ngeegrooves ezininzi zokufakela umsesane wepiston.
2. Iringi yepiston: Ifakwe kwipiston ukutywina, ngokuqhelekileyo iqulunqwe ngeringi yegesi kunye neringi yeoli.
3. I-piston pin: Ukudibanisa ipiston kunye nentloko encinci ye-piston yokudibanisa intonga, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokudada ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-semi-floating.
4. Intonga yokudibanisa i-piston: intonga yokudibanisa i-piston kunye ne-crankshaft, ihlulwe ibe yintloko enkulu kunye nentloko encinci kumacala omabini, intloko encinci idibaniswe ne-piston, intloko enkulu exhunywe kwi-crankshaft.
5. Ukudibanisa intonga: icandelo lokuthambisa elifakwe kwintloko enkulu yentonga yokudibanisa.
6. Ibholithi yokudibanisa intonga: ibholithi elungisa isiphelo esikhulu sentonga yokudibanisa kwi-crankshaft.
Umsesane wepiston yeyona nto iphambili ngaphakathi kwi-injini yamafutha, yona kunye nesilinda, ipiston, udonga lwesilinda kunye ukugqibezela ukutywinwa kwerhasi yamafutha. Iinjini zemoto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zineentlobo ezimbini zedizili kunye neenjini zepetroli, ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okwahlukileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamakhonkco episton akufani, amakhonkco episton asekuqaleni akhiwa ngokuphosa, kodwa ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, intsimbi ephezulu yamandla. Amakhonkco episton azalwa, kunye nomsebenzi we-injini, iimfuno zokusingqongileyo ziyaqhubeka ziphucuka, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zonyango ezikumgangatho ophezulu, njengokutshiza nge-thermal, i-electroplating, i-chrome plating, njl. I-nitriding yegesi, ukufakwa komzimba, ukugubungela umphezulu, unyango lwe-zinc manganese phosphating, njl., Ukuphucula kakhulu umsebenzi we-piston ring.
I-piston pin isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-piston kwintonga yokudibanisa kwaye idlulise amandla kwi-piston kwintonga yokudibanisa okanye ngokuchaseneyo.
I-piston pin ixhomekeke kumthwalo omkhulu wempembelelo yexesha phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa, kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-Angle yokujinga yepiston yepiston emngxunyeni we-pin ayikho enkulu, kunzima ukwenza ifilimu yokuthambisa, ngoko ke imeko yokuthambisa imbi. Ngesi sizathu, ipiston yepiston kufuneka ibe nokuqina okwaneleyo, amandla kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. Ubunzima buncinci ngokusemandleni, kwaye isikhonkwane kunye nomngxuma we-pin kufuneka ube nezithuba ezifanelekileyo ezihambelanayo kunye nomgangatho omhle womphezulu. Ngokubanzi, ukuqina kwe-piston pin kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba i-piston pin igoba i-deformation, inokubangela umonakalo kwisihlalo se-piston.
Ngamafutshane, imeko yokusebenza yepiston yepiston kukuba umlinganiselo woxinzelelo mkhulu, ifilimu yeoli ayinakwenziwa, kwaye i-deformation ayilungelelaniswa. Ngoko ke, ukuyila kwayo kufuna amandla aneleyo omatshini kunye nokumelana nokugqoka, kodwa kunye namandla aphezulu okukhathala.
Umzimba wentonga yokudibanisa uqulunqwe ngamacandelo amathathu, kwaye inxalenye edibeneyo nepiston ibizwa ngokuba yintonga yokudibanisa intloko encinci; Inxalenye edityaniswe ne-crankshaft ibizwa ngokuba yintloko enkulu yentonga yokudibanisa, kwaye inxalenye edibanisa intloko encinci kunye nentloko enkulu ibizwa ngokuba ngumzimba wentonga yokudibanisa.
Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukunxiba phakathi kwentloko encinci kunye nepiston yepiston, i-bronze bushing ebhityileyo ixinzelelwe kumngxuma omncinci wentloko. I-Drill okanye i-grooves ye-mill kwiintloko ezincinci kunye ne-bushings ukuvumela ukutshiza kweoli ukuba kungene kwindawo yokukhwela kwe-lubricating bushing-piston pin.
Umzimba wentonga yokudibanisa yintonga ende, kwaye amandla emsebenzini nawo mkhulu, ukwenzela ukukhusela i-deformation yayo yokugoba, umzimba wentonga kufuneka ube nokuqina okwaneleyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-rod yokudibanisa i-injini ye-injini ininzi ithatha icandelo le-milo I, elinokunciphisa ubunzima phantsi kwemeko yokuba ukuqina kunye namandla anele, kwaye i-injini yamandla aphezulu inecandelo le-H. Ezinye ii-injini zisebenzisa i-piston yokupholisa i-oyile yokupholisa intonga encinci, ekufuneka igrunjwe ngomngxuma wobude kumzimba wentonga. Ukuze ugweme uxinzelelo loxinzelelo, umzimba wentonga yokudibanisa, intloko encinci kunye nentloko enkulu idibaniswe yinguqu enkulu yesetyhula.
Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukungcangcazela kwe-injini, umahluko womgangatho wentonga yokudibanisa i-cylinder kufuneka ukhawulelwe kuluhlu oluncinci, kwindibano yefektri ye-injini, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiigram njengeyunithi yokulinganisa ngokobunzima obukhulu kunye nobuncinci be-injini. intonga yokudibanisa, injini enye yokukhetha iqela elifanayo lokudibanisa intonga.
Kwi-injini yohlobo lwe-V, iisilinda ezihambelanayo kwiikholamu ezisekhohlo nasekunene zabelana ngepini ye-crank, kwaye intonga yokudibanisa ineentlobo ezintathu: intonga yokudibanisa ehambelanayo, intonga yokudibanisa ifolokhwe kunye nentonga eyintloko kunye neyokuncedisayo.
Iithayile ezifakwe kwiibrakethi ezisisigxina ze-crankshaft kunye ne-cylinder block kwaye zidlala indima yokuthwala kunye ne-lubrication zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-crankshaft bearing pads.
Ukuzala kweCrankshaft ngokuqhelekileyo kwahlulahlulwe kwiindidi ezimbini: ukuthwala (Umfanekiso 1) kunye ne-flanged bear (Umfanekiso 2). I-flanged bear bushing ayinakuxhasa kwaye ithambisa i-crankshaft kuphela, kodwa ikwadlala indima ye-axial positioning ye-crankshaft (inokuba yindawo enye kuphela kwi-crankshaft ukuseta isixhobo sokumisa i-axial).
Xa sisebenzisa i-bolts rod bolts, siya kufumanisa ukuba kukho iingxaki ezininzi zokudibanisa i-bolts, kuya kubakho iingxaki zokubonakala, iingxaki zokunyamezela ukunyamezela, iingxaki zokuphuka, iingxaki zentambo yezinyo, iingxaki ezifunyenwe ngexesha lofakelo, njalo njalo.
Indlela elula kukuvavanya i-bolt rod bolt, fumana apho ingxaki ikhona kwaye uyitshintshe. Uvavanyo lwebholithi yokudibanisa lufuna indlela. Ukudibanisa intonga yokudibanisa yinto ebalulekileyo edibanisa isihlalo sokuthwala isiphelo esikhulu sentonga yokudibanisa kunye nesimbozo sokuthwala. Ibholithi yentonga yokudibanisa ixhomekeke kwisenzo sokulayishwa kwangaphambili kwamandla ngexesha lokuhlanganisa, kwaye ibholithi yokudibanisa intonga nayo ixhomekeke kwisenzo sokuphindaphinda amandla e-inetia xa injini yedizili ene-stroke esebenzayo. Idayamitha yebholithi yentonga yokudibanisa incinci kuba inqunyelwe yidayamitha yephini lokukrazula kunye nobungakanani beveranda engaphandle yesiphelo esikhulu sentonga yokudibanisa.
Ibholithi edibanisa isigqubuthelo sentonga yokwahlula kwisiphelo esikhulu sentonga yokudibanisa. Kwiperi nganye yeebheringi, iibholiti ezimbini okanye ezine zokudibanisa iintonga zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuze zikhuseleke. Uhlobo lwebholithi luyahluka. Intloko isoloko ixhotyiswe ngenqwelomoya yokumisa okanye ibhloko yeconvex yokufakela kunye nokufaka indawo yokuxhasa ukuthwala ukuthintela ibholithi yokudibanisa intonga ekujikelezeni xa uqinisa i-nut. Ububanzi bomzimba wentonga yebholithi kwinqanaba lecandelo ngalinye lokuthwala likhulu, ukwenzela ukuba libekwe kunye nomngxuma webholi ngexesha lokuhlanganisa; Ububanzi benxalenye yomzimba wentonga yebholiti buncinci kunobubanzi bomngxuma webholiti, kwaye ubude bude, ukuze umthwalo wenxalenye yomsonto ungacuthwa xa ukugoba kunye nomthwalo wempembelelo uthwalwa. Inxalenye yomsonto idla ngokuthatha umsonto ocolekileyo ngokuchaneka okuphezulu.
Ukuze kuthintelwe uxhulumaniso olunemisonto ekuzikhululeni ngokwalo, ibholithi yentonga yokudibanisa inesixhobo sokuchasa ukukhulula ngokusisigxina, esisisiqhelo isikhonkwane secotter, iwasha echasene nokukhulula kunye nentsimbi yobhedu kumphezulu womsonto. Iibholiti zokudibanisa zihlala zithwala imithwalo etshintshanayo, ekulula ukwenza umonakalo wokudinwa kunye nokuphuka, okuya kubangela iziphumo ezibi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, isoloko yenziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy ekumgangatho ophezulu okanye i-carbon steel high-quality, kwaye emva kokupholisa unyango lobushushu. Kulawulo, ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ukujonga ukuqina kwayo ukuthintela ukukhulula; I-disassembly rhoqo ijonge ukuqhekeka kunye nobude obuninzi, njl., Kufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha xa kuyimfuneko. Xa ufaka, kuyimfuneko ukuwela kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe uqinise ngokuhambelana nommiselo omiselweyo wangaphambili, ongenakukwazi ukuba mkhulu okanye uncinci kakhulu, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme izingozi ezifana nokuphulwa kwebholithi yentonga emsebenzini.
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