Isibane sentloko.
Izibane zemoto ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu: ibhalbhu yokukhanya, isibonisi kunye nesipili esihambelanayo (isipili se-astigmatism).
1. ibhalbhu
Iibhalbhu ezisetyenziswa kwizibane zemoto ziibhalbhu ze-incandescent, ii-halogen tungsten bulbs, izibane ze-arc ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo njalo njalo.
1 Ngethuba lokuvelisa, ukwenzela ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-bulb, i-bulb igcwele igesi ye-inert (i-nitrogen kunye nomxube wayo weegesi ezingenayo). Oku kunokunciphisa ukuphuma komphunga kocingo lwe-tungsten, ukonyusa ubushushu befilamenti, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle okukhanyayo. Ukukhanya okuvela kwibhalbhu ye-incandescent kunombala otyheli.
(2) Isibane seTungsten halide: Ibhalbhu yokukhanya yeTungsten halide ifakwe kwirhasi engasebenziyo kwindawo ethile yehalide (efana ne-iodine, iklorini, ifluorine, ibromine, njl. I-tungsten yegesi ephuphumayo kwi-filament isabela kunye ne-halogen ukuvelisa i-tungsten halide eguquguqukayo, esasazeka kwindawo yokushisa ephezulu kufuphi ne-filament, kwaye iboliswe bubushushu, ukuze i-tungsten ibuyiselwe kwi-filament. I-halogen ekhutshiweyo iyaqhubeka nokusasazeka kwaye ithatha inxaxheba kwimpendulo yomjikelo olandelayo, ngoko ke umjikelo uyaqhubeka, ngaloo ndlela uthintela ukuvela komphunga kwe-tungsten kunye nokuba mnyama kwebhalbhu. I-tungsten halogen isayizi yebhalbhu yokukhanya incinci, iqokobhe lebhalbhu lenziwe ngeglasi yequartz enokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla omatshini aphezulu, phantsi kwamandla afanayo, ukukhanya kwesibane se-tungsten halogen kuphindwe ka-1.5 kwisibane se-incandescent, kwaye ubomi bu-2 ukuya 3 amaxesha ngaphezulu.
(3) Isibane esitsha sokukhanya okuphezulu kwe-arc: Esi sibane asinaso imicu yesiqhelo kwibhalbhu. Kunoko, ii-electrode ezimbini zifakwe ngaphakathi kwityhubhu ye-quartz. Ityhubhu igcwele i-xenon kunye neentsimbi zokulandelela (okanye i-metal halides), kwaye xa kukho i-arc voltage eyaneleyo kwi-electrode (5000 ~ 12000V), igesi iqala ukwenza i-ionize kwaye iqhube umbane. Iiathom zerhasi zikwimo echulumancisayo kwaye ziqalisa ukukhupha ukukhanya ngenxa yenguqu yenqanaba lamandla eelektroni. Emva kwe-0.1s, inani elincinci lomphunga we-mercury liyaphuphuma phakathi kwe-electrodes, kwaye ukunikezelwa kwamandla ngokukhawuleza kudluliselwe kwi-mercury vapor arc discharge, kwaye emva koko idluliselwe kwisibane se-halide arc emva kokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Emva kokuba ukukhanya kufikelele kubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokusebenza kwebhulbhu, amandla okugcina ukukhutshwa kwe-arc aphantsi kakhulu (malunga ne-35w), ngoko ke i-40% yamandla ombane inokugcinwa.
2. isibonisi
Indima yesibonisi kukwandisa i-polymerization yokukhanya okukhutshwa yibhalbhu ibe yintsimbi eyomeleleyo ukunyusa umgama wokukhanya.
Ubume bomphezulu besibuko yiparaboloid ejikelezayo, eyenziwe ngokubanzi nge-0.6 ~ 0.8mm yentsimbi ecekethekileyo yesitampu okanye eyenziwe ngeglasi, iplastiki. Umphezulu wangaphakathi uhlanganiswe ngesilivere, i-aluminium okanye i-chrome kwaye emva koko ipholishe; Ifilamenti ikwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo kwisipili, kwaye uninzi lwemitha yayo yokukhanya ibonakaliswa kwaye idutyulwe kumgama njengemiqadi enxuseneyo. Ibhalbhu yokukhanya ngaphandle kwesibuko inokukhanyisa kuphela umgama omalunga ne-6m, kwaye i-parallel beam eboniswa sisibuko inokukhanyisa umgama ongaphezu kwe-100m. Emva kwesibuko, kukho umlinganiselo omncinci wokukhanya okuhlakazekileyo, apho phezulu akunamsebenzi ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukukhanya kwecala kunye nezantsi kunceda ukukhanyisa indlela kunye ne-curb ye-5 ukuya kwi-10m.
3. ilensi
I-Pantoscope, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiglasi yeastigmatic, yindibaniselwano yeeprism ezikhethekileyo kunye neelensi, kwaye imilo iqhelekile ukuba setyhula kunye noxande. Umsebenzi wesibuko esihambelanayo kukubuyisela umqadi ohambelanayo obonakaliswe sisibuko, ukwenzela ukuba indlela ephambi kwemoto ibe nokukhanya okulungileyo kunye okufanayo.
uhlobo
Inkqubo ye-optical ye-headlamp yindibaniselwano yebhalbhu yokukhanya, i-reflector kunye nesibuko esihambelanayo. Ngokwesakhiwo esahlukileyo senkqubo ye-optical ye-headlamp, i-headlamp inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu: i-semi-closed, ivaliwe kwaye iprojekti.
1. Isibane sentloko esivaliweyo
Isibuko sokukhanyisa isibane esivaliweyo semi-evaliweyo kunye nesibuko sincamathele kunye asikwazi ukuchithwa, ibhalbhu yokukhanya inokulayishwa ukusuka ekupheleni kwesibuko, i-advanteji yesibane esivaliweyo kukuba i-filament itshiswe kufuneka ithathe indawo yebhalbhu, into engalunganga kukutywinwa kakubi. . Isibane sentloko esidityanisiweyo sidibanisa umqondiso wokujika wangaphambili, ukukhanya kobubanzi bangaphambili, ukukhanya okuphakamileyo kwebhamu kunye nokukhanya okuphantsi ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa i-reflector kunye ne-pantoscope zenziwe ziphelele kusetyenziswa izinto eziphilayo, kwaye ibhalbhu inokulayishwa ngokulula ngasemva. Ngezibane ezidibeneyo, abavelisi beemoto banokuvelisa naluphi na uhlobo lwe-lens ehambelana ne-lens kwimfuno ukwenzela ukuphucula iimpawu ze-aerodynamic zesithuthi, uqoqosho lwamafutha kunye nesitayile semoto.
2. Izibane ezivaliweyo
Izibane zentloko ezivaliweyo zikwahlulahlulwe zaba zizibane eziqhelekileyo ezivaliweyo kunye nezibane ezivaliweyo zehalogen.
Inkqubo ye-optical yomgangatho ovaliweyo we-headlamp kukudibanisa kunye ne-weld i-reflector kunye nesibuko esihambelanayo siphelele ukwenza indlu yebhalbhu, kwaye i-filament idityaniswe kwisiseko sokubonisa. Umphezulu we-reflector ukhanyisa nge-vacuum, kwaye isibane sizaliswe ngegesi ye-inert kunye ne-halogen. Iingenelo zesi sakhiwo kukusebenza kakuhle kokutywinwa, isibuko asiyi kungcoliswa yi-atmosfera, ukusebenza kakuhle kokubonakalisa, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba i-filament itshiswe, lonke iqela lokukhanyisa kufuneka litshintshwe, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu.
3. Isibane sentloko esilindelekileyo
Inkqubo ye-optical ye-projective headlamp iqulunqwe ikakhulu ngebhalbhu yokukhanya, i-reflector, i-shading mirror kunye ne-convex ehambelana nesibuko. Sebenzisa isipili esityebileyo esingakrolwanga, isipili si-oval. Ngoko i-diameter yayo yangaphandle incinci kakhulu. Izibane ezilindelekileyo zineendawo ezimbini ekugxilwe kuzo, eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo yibhalbhu ize eyesibini igxile ekukhanyeni. Gxininisa ukukhanya ngesipili seconvex kwaye usilahlele kude. Inzuzo yayo kukuba ukusebenza okugxilwe kuko kulungile, kwaye indlela yayo yokubonisa imitha yile:
(1) Ukukhanya okukhutshelwa kwindawo ephezulu yebhalbhu kudlula kwisibonisi ukuya kwindawo yesibini ekugxilwe kuyo, kwaye kugxininiswe kumgama ngesipili esimatanisayo seconvex.
(2) Kwangaxeshanye, ukukhanya okukhutshelwa kwindawo engezantsi yebhalbhu kubonakaliswa sisipili esigquma ubuso, siboniswa umva kwisibonisi size siphoswe kwindawo yesibini ekugxilwe kuyo, kwaye sijongiswe kumgama ngesipili esihambelana neconvex.
Ekusetyenzisweni kweemoto, iimfuno zezibane eziphambili zezi: zombini ukukhanya okulungileyo, kodwa nokuphepha ukumfamekisa umqhubi wemoto ezayo, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwezibane kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kula manqaku alandelayo:
(1) Gcina i-pantoscope ye-headlamp icocekile, ngakumbi xa uqhuba imvula kunye nekhephu, ukungcola kunye nokungcola kuya kunciphisa ukusebenza kokukhanyisa kwe-headlamp ngama-50%. Ezinye iimodeli zixhotyiswe ngeewiper zentloko kunye nezitshizi zamanzi.
(2) Xa iimoto ezimbini zidibana ebusuku, iimoto ezimbini kufuneka zicime umqa ophakamileyo wesibane kwaye zitshintshele kwisibane esikufutshane ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokuqhuba.
(3) Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesibane, isibane sentloko kufuneka sitshekishwe kwaye silungiswe emva kokuba isibane sitshintshwe okanye emva kokuba imoto iqhutywe i-10,000 km.
(4) Jonga rhoqo ibhalbhu yokukhanya kunye nesokethi yomgca kunye nentsimbi yesiseko ye-oxidation kunye nokukhulula, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza koqhagamshelwano lwesinxibelelanisi kulungile kwaye isiseko sentsimbi sithembekile. Ukuba umnxibelelwano ukhululekile, xa isibane sivuliwe, siya kuvelisa ukutshitshiswa kwangoku ngenxa yokucima kwesiphaluka, ngaloo ndlela kuvutha i-filament, kwaye ukuba uqhagamshelwano luyi-oxidized, luya kunciphisa ukukhanya kwesibane ngenxa. ekwandeni koxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano lwehla.
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