Umsebenzi ophambili wepompo yamanzi yemoto
Kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwenjini yemoto, ipompo yamanzi "yintliziyo yamandla" yenkqubo yokupholisa. Umsebenzi wayo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi benjini kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwayo.
Xa injini isebenza, ubushushu ngaphakathi kwesilinda ngenxa yokutsha kwamafutha bungafikelela kwi-2000°C. Ukuba ayipholiswanga ngexesha, izinto ziya kwanda ngobushushu kwaye zinokubambeka, amandla oomatshini aya kuncipha, kwaye ioyile yokuthambisa iya kusilela ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu. Ekugqibeleni, injini iya konakala. Umsebenzi ophambili wepompo yamanzi kukunyusa uxinzelelo lwesipholisi, okuvumela ukuba sijikeleze rhoqo kwinkqubo yokupholisa. Iqhagamshelwe kwi-crankshaft yenjini nge-pulley. Xa injini isebenza, iqhuba i-impeller yepompo yamanzi ukuba ijikeleze. Phantsi kwesenzo samandla e-centrifugal, i-coolant iphoswa ecaleni komzimba wepompo kwaye ityhalelwe kwindawo yamanzi enjini. Kwangaxeshanye, indawo enoxinzelelo oluphantsi yenziwa embindini we-impeller, itsala i-coolant epholileyo kwi-radiator ibuyele ngaphakathi, ifezekisa ukutshintsha phakathi "kokujikeleza okuncinci" kunye "nokujikeleza okukhulu": xa injini ibanda, i-coolant ijikeleza kuphela ngaphakathi kwenjini ukuze iyincede ifikelele ngokukhawuleza kubushushu obufanelekileyo bokusebenza; xa ubushushu bufikelela ngaphezulu kwama-80°C, i-thermostat iyavuleka, kwaye i-coolant ingena kwi-radiator, isebenzisa ukuhamba komoya ngexesha lokuhamba kwesithuthi ukususa ubushushu, igcina injini ikuluhlu olufanelekileyo lokusebenza ukusuka kuma-85°C ukuya kuma-95°C.
Ukongeza, ipompo yamanzi inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokupholisa. Iqinisekisa ukuba i-coolant idlula kwi-block yesilinda yenjini, intloko yesilinda kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili ngesantya soxinzelelo kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi, isusa ubushushu ngokulinganayo, kwaye iphephe ukuguquka kwesilinda kunye nokukhukuliseka okubangelwa kukushisa kakhulu kwendawo. Kwiinjini ezine-turbocharger, ipompo yamanzi ikwafuna ukubonelela ngokupholisa i-turbocharger, iqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo okuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nokuchongwa kweepompo zamanzi zemoto
Iimpompo zamanzi zeemoto zisebenza kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye nezoxinzelelo oluphezulu ixesha elide, kwaye zisengozini yokungasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yokuguguleka kunye nokubola. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ziquka ezi ntlobo zilandelayo:
Ukuvuza kwe-coolant
Le yenye yezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo zepompo yamanzi. Ibangelwa ikakhulu zizitywini zamanzi ezigugileyo, iigaskets zokuvala ezonakeleyo okanye imizimba yepompo eqhekekileyo. Isitywini samanzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuthintela ukuvuza kwe-coolant. Ukuntywiliselwa kwi-coolant ixesha elide kuya kubangela ukubola kunye nokulahleka kokusebenza kokutywina, kwaye i-coolant iya kuphuma kunxibelelwano oluphakathi kwe-pump shaft kunye nomzimba wepompo, ishiye imikhondo epinki, eluhlaza kunye neminye i-coolant ezantsi kwenjini okanye kwimingxunya yomoya yepompo yamanzi. Ukuba umzimba wepompo uyaqhekeka ngenxa yokuqandisa ebusika okanye iziphene ze-casting, kuya kubakho ukuvuza okukhulu, okubangela ukuba inqanaba le-coolant lehle ngokukhawuleza kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima, kubangele imeko "yokubila" kwenjini.
Umthamo wokujikeleza kwegazi ophantsi
Ukuguguleka, ukukhululeka okanye ukutyibilika kwe-impeller yepompo yamanzi, okanye ukuguguleka kwebhanti, kuya kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokujikeleza kwe-coolant. Ngeli xesha, ubushushu bamanzi enjini buya kunyuka ngokungaqhelekanga, isibane sokulumkisa ubushushu bamanzi kwideshibhodi siya kukhanya, kwaye i-coolant inokuphalala kwisigqubuthelo setanki yamanzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho "ukubila ngaphezulu". Kwiimeko ezishushu zasehlotyeni okanye phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ezifana nokunyuka iinduli okanye ukudlula ngaphezulu, ingxaki iyabonakala ngakumbi. Ezinye izithuthi zinokufumana ubushushu bamanzi obutshintshatshintshayo, obubangelwa kukusebenza okungazinzanga kwe-impeller kunye nokujikeleza kwe-coolant okungalinganiyo.
Ingxolo engaqhelekanga kunye nokungcangcazela okubalekayo
Xa iibheringi zempompo yamanzi zigugile okanye kuxutywe izinto zangaphandle, kuya kubakho izandi ezibukhali zokungqubana, izandi zempembelelo eziphindaphindayo, kwaye ingxolo iya kwanda ngokwanda kwesantya senjini. Ukuba i-impeller ikhululekile okanye yonakele, iya kubangela ukusebenza okungalinganiyo kwempompo yamanzi, okubangela ukungcangcazela kwenjini, ngakumbi xa ingasebenzi. Ukongeza, ukumelana okwandileyo ekujikelezeni kwempompo yamanzi kuya kuchaphazela ukuzinza kwesantya sokujikeleza kwenjini. Ngexesha lokuqala okubandayo ebusika, kunokubakho ukuguquguquka kwesantya okanye nokuba injini ime.
Ibhanti elonakeleyo
Ukuba iibheringi zempompo yamanzi zibambekile okanye i-impeller ibambekile, umthwalo kwibhanti yokudlulisa uya kwanda kakhulu, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ibhanti iya kwaphuka, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ijenereyitha, i-air conditioner kunye nezinye izinto ziyeke ukusebenza, isithuthi silahlekelwe yi-power steering kunye nombane, kwaye kubangele iingozi zokuqhuba.
Izizathu kunye nokuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwepompo yamanzi
Ukwenzeka kokungasebenzi kakuhle kwepompo yamanzi akuhambelani nje kuphela nezinto ezaluphalayo kodwa nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kunye nokugcinwa kwayo ngendlela engafanelekanga. Ukonakala koomatshini yenye yezona zinto ziphambili. Izinto ezifana neebheringi kunye nee-impellers ziya kuphelelwa lixesha, kwaye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwegrisi yokuthambisa kuya kukhawulezisa le nkqubo. Ukuba inqanaba le-pH ye-coolant lidlula umgangatho, liya kutshabalalisa isitywino samanzi kunye nomzimba wepompo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwesitywino okanye ekonakaleni kwezinto. Ebusika, ukuba amanzi awakhutshwa ngexesha okanye ukuba kusetyenziswa i-antifreeze ekumgangatho ophantsi, umzimba wepompo unokuqandusela kwaye uqhekeke. Ukongeza, uxinzelelo olukhulu lwebhanti kunye nokufakwa okungafanelekanga kunokubangela ukuba ibheringi yepompo yonakale ngaphambi kwexesha.
Ngexesha lokulungiswa kwemihla ngemihla, abanini beemoto kufuneka bajonge rhoqo inqanaba kunye nemeko ye-coolant. Bafanele batshintshe i-antifreeze ehlangabezana nomgangatho rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2 okanye iikhilomitha ezingama-40,000 ukuze baphephe ukusebenzisa amanzi empompini okanye ezinye izinto eziqulethe ukungcola. Ngexesha lokulungiswa ngakunye, cela abasebenzi bokulungisa bajonge ukuqina kwebhanti kunye nokuguguleka kwempompo yamanzi. Ukuba kufunyenwe imifantu okanye ukwaluphala, zitshintshe ngexesha. Nika ingqalelo ekujongeni ukuba kukho na iimpawu zokuvuza kwamanzi ezantsi kwenjini. Xa uqalisa imoto, qaphela ukuba kukho iingxolo ezingaqhelekanga kwindawo engaphambili. Nje ukuba kufunyenwe iimpawu zobushushu obungaqhelekanga bamanzi okanye ukuvuza kwamanzi, yimise imoto ngoko nangoko ukuze ilungiswe ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki ezincinci ezijika zibe ziingxaki ezinkulu ezifana nokusilela kwenjini.
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