Umsebenzi ophambili wemodyuli yokulawula ukuqala kwesithuthi
Njenge "ziko lemithambo-luvo" yenkqubo yamandla, imodyuli yokulawula ukuqala kwesithuthi isebenza njengekhonkco elibalulekileyo elidibanisa imiyalelo yomqhubi kunye nokusebenza kwenjini. Imisebenzi yayo igubungela ukulawulwa kwamandla, ukhuseleko lokhuseleko, kunye nolawulo olukrelekrele kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokwembono yokukhupha amandla, imodyuli yokulawula injini (ECU) idibanisa idatha evela kwizinto ezifana nezinzwa zendawo ye-crankshaft kunye nezinzwa zokuhamba komoya ukuze zilungelelanise ngokuchanekileyo ububanzi be-injection injection pulse kunye ne-injection advance angle ngesantya sempendulo ye-millisecond. Kwiimeko zokukhawulezisa okungxamisekileyo, i-ECU iya kunyusa ngaxeshanye umthamo we-injection injection kwaye iqhubele phambili ixesha lokutsha, iphucula impendulo yamandla nge-15%-25%; kwiimeko zokungenzi nto, igcina umlinganiselo we-air-fuel ofanelekileyo we-14.7:1 ngolawulo oluvaliweyo, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwenjini ngelixa inyusa ukonga kwamafutha nge-8%-12%. Imodyuli yokulawula ukutsha (ICM), njengeswitshi ye-elektroniki yamandla, ilawula ngokuchanekileyo isekethe ephambili ye-ignition coil ngokusekelwe kwimiyalelo ye-ECU, ivelisa umbane we-high-voltage ukubonelela ngamandla kwi-spark plug, isebenza njengomniki-mandla othe ngqo wokutsha kwenjini.
Umsebenzi wokhuseleko lokhuseleko lolunye ixabiso eliphambili lemodyuli yokulawula ukuqalisa. Xa ibona ukusilela kwesenzi, ukudubula, okanye ezinye iingxaki, i-ECU iya kugcina ngoko nangoko ikhowudi yempazamo kwaye iqalise isibane sesilumkiso sedeshibhodi. Kwiimeko ezinzima, iya kuvula imo yokuqhwalela ukunciphisa amandla okukhupha, ithintele umonakalo ongakumbi kwinjini. Imodyuli yokulawula umzimba (BCM) isebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-CAN ukufezekisa ukhuseleko oludibeneyo lwe-logic yokuqalisa. Xa isantya sesithuthi sifikelela kwi-10 km/h, itshixa iingcango ngokuzenzekelayo, ibangele ii-alamu ezivakalayo nezibonakalayo xa kukho ukungena okungekho mthethweni, kwaye ithintele nokuqala okungekho mthethweni ngenkqubo yokulwa nobusela benjini. Ukongeza, imodyuli yokulawula ukuqalisa inamandla okulawula umbane, idibanisa umbane wezixhobo zombane ezisasazwayo zemveli, inciphisa inani leentambo zombane ngaphezulu kwe-40%, inciphisa umngcipheko weesekethe ezimfutshane kunye nokuguguleka, kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokugcinwa.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zempazamo yemodyuli yokulawula ukuqalisa
Njengoko isithuthi siguga, imodyuli yolawulo lokuqalisa isenokudibana neengxaki ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuguga kwecandelo okanye iimpazamo zocingo, ikakhulu ezibonakala njengeentlobo ezintathu: ukuqalisa okungaqhelekanga, ukuguquguquka kwamandla, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okungaqhelekanga.
Eyona nto ibonakalayo kukusilela kokuqala. Xa imodyuli yokutshaya ingaphumeleli, iya kusilela ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo ixesha lokutshaya, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima ekuqaliseni injini okanye ukungakwazi ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya. Ukuba i-ECU inokusilela kwesekethe yamandla okanye umonakalo wememori, iya kukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekusileleni kwemiyalelo yokutshaya kunye nokujova ipetroli, iphazamise ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yotshaya. Ezinye iimodeli zinokufumana iingxaki zokuqalisa ngenxa yokusilela konxibelelwano lwe-CAN, njengekhowudi yempazamo ye-P00A8 ebonisa ukuphazamiseka kokudluliselwa kwesignali phakathi kweemodyuli zezithuthi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-relay yotshaya ingaphumeleli ukufumana imiyalelo ye-ECU.
Ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane kukubonakaliswa okufihlakeleyo kwempazamo. Imodyuli yokutsha engalunganga iya kubangela ukutsha okungaphelelanga, okubangela amandla angonelanga ngexesha lokusebenza kwemoto, ukukhawulezisa okucothayo, kunye nokulibaziseka kokunyuka kwesantya malunga ne-0.5-1 sekondi; kwiimeko zokungasebenzi, injini iya kuba nokungcangcazela rhoqo, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, iya kuzicima ngokuthe ngqo. Idatha ye-ECU sensor engaqhelekanga inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwamandla, umzekelo, ukuphambuka kwisignali ye-sensor yokuhamba komoya kuya kukhokelela ekubalweni okungachanekanga kwe-fuel injection, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwamandla ngexesha lotshintsho lomthwalo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okungaqhelekanga kunye nokukhutshwa komoya ziziphumo ezivela kwimpazamo. Imodyuli yokutsha engalunganga iya kubangela ukutsha okungaphelelanga, inyuse ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli nge-10%-15%, kwaye ibangele ukuba ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon monoxide kunye ne-hydrocarbon kudlule umgangatho ngamaxesha ama-2-3. Ukuba i-ECU ingena kwimo yokuqhwalela, iya kugcina ukusebenza okusisiseko ngokunciphisa umthamo wokufakwa kwepetroli, nangona inokuthintela umonakalo wenjini, iya kuyenza mandundu ngakumbi ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwepetroli, kwaye kwezinye iimodeli, ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli kunokuphindaphindeka kabini.
Iindlela zokuxilonga iimpazamo kunye neendlela zokuphendula
Xa ujongene neziphene zemodyuli yokulawula yokuqalisa, kufuneka kusetyenziswe indlela yokusombulula iingxaki ezininzi edibanisa uhlalutyo lwekhowudi yempazamo, ukufunyanwa kwesignali, kunye novavanyo lwamacandelo. Ekuxilongweni kobuchwephesha, icala lengxaki liqala limiselwe ngokufunda iikhowudi zempazamo nge-OBD-II. Iikhowudi P0351-P0358 zikhomba ngokuthe ngqo kwimpazamo yemodyuli yokutsha, ngelixa i-P00A8 ibonisa unxibelelwano olungaqhelekanga lwe-CAN. Emva koko, imo ye-voltage yokuqala yemodyuli yokutsha ifunyanwa kusetyenziswa i-oscilloscope. Ukuba imo ye-wave ibonisa ingxolo okanye ukuphazamiseka, kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba izinto zangaphakathi zemodyuli zonakele. Kwiimpazamo ze-ECU, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ngakumbi ukuba i-voltage yesekethe yamandla ingaphakathi koluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-13.5-14.5V, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, hlalutya ukuba kukho ukuphambuka kwimiqondiso yesensa ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lokuhamba kwedatha.
Ngexesha lokulungiswa kwemihla ngemihla, abanini beemoto banokuthatha izilumkiso kwangethuba ngokujonga izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuba isithuthi sifumana ukulibaziseka kokuqala okungaphezulu kwemizuzwana emi-3, i-amplitude yokungcangcazela engasebenziyo edlula i-50 rpm ngomzuzu, okanye ukunyuka ngequbuliso kokusetyenziswa kwepetroli okungaphezulu kwe-10%, kuyimfuneko ukuya ngokukhawuleza kwiziko lobuchwephesha ukuze kuvavanywe. Ngexesha lokulungiswa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukutshintsha imodyuli yokutshaya kufuna ukusebenzisa igrisi ye-silicone eqhuba ubushushu obuphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuchithwa kobushushu, kwaye inkqubo ye-ECU kufuneka isebenzise inkqubo yokuqala ehambelana nomzi-mveliso ukuze kuthintelwe iimpazamo zesibini ezibangelwa kukungafani kweeparameter. Ukongeza, ukucoca rhoqo iidipozithi zekhabhoni zesensor kunye nokujonga ukuqina koqhagamshelo lwe-wiring harness kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo izinga lokuvela kweziphene kwimodyuli yokulawula ukuqala. Isicatshulwa esingentla sishwankathela ngokucwangcisiweyo imisebenzi ephambili, iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezicwangciso zokuphendula kwimodyuli yokulawula ukuqala kwesithuthi, sigubungela zombini iiparameter zobugcisa kunye neengcebiso zolondolozo ezisebenzayo. Ingabonelela ngereferensi kubasebenzi bolondolozo lweemoto kwaye ikwanceda abanini beemoto baqonde ingqiqo yokusebenza kwenkqubo yokuqala yesithuthi.
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