Kuthetha ukuthini "isivamvo sokusingqongileyo seemoto"?
Izinzwa zokusingqongileyo kweemoto zihlala zibhekisa kwizinzwa zobushushu bendalo, ezizizixhobo ezikwiimoto ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubushushu bomoya ngaphandle. Zisebenza njenge "izinzwa zobushushu" zesithuthi, zinceda iinkqubo ze-elektroniki zeemoto ukuba ziqonde iimeko zemozulu zangaphandle.
Umsebenzi ophambili wesenzi sobushushu bendalo kukulinganisa ubushushu bangaphandle kunye nokubonelela ngedatha kwiyunithi yolawulo lwe-elektroniki (ECU). Le senzi isebenza ngokusekelwe kumgaqo we-thermistor, apho ixabiso layo lokumelana litshintsha ngobushushu, iguqula isignali yobushushu ibe sisignali yombane kwaye iyithumele kwi-ECU. Ihlala ifakelwa ngaphambili kwesithuthi (njengesakhelo setanki yamanzi okanye ibracket ye-bumper) ukuqinisekisa ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo ubushushu bendalo.
Le sensor ibalulekile kwiinkqubo ezininzi zeemoto:
Inkqubo yokupholisa umoya: I-ECU ilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo ubushushu okanye ubushushu ngokusekwe kumahluko phakathi kobushushu bangaphandle nobangaphakathi ukuze kugcinwe ikhabhine ikhululekile.
Ulawulo lwenjini: Inceda ekulungiseni iiparameter ezifana nomthamo wokufakwa kwepetroli kunye nexesha lokutsha ukuqinisekisa ukuba injini isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo.
Iinkqubo zebhetri kunye nokhuseleko: Kwizithuthi zombane, inceda ekulawuleni ubushushu bebhetri; ikwachaphazela amaqhinga afana nokumisa ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
Ukuba isenzi-luvo siyasilela, sinokubangela ulawulo olungachanekanga lomoya opholileyo okanye ukusebenza kwenjini okuphantsi. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo umbane, uqhagamshelo lweentambo, kunye namaxabiso okumelana ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziqhelekile.
Izinzwa zokusingqongileyo zeemoto, ingakumbi izinzwa zobushushu bendalo, zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yolawulo lwe-elektroniki yesithuthi, ezinoxanduva lokufumana ubushushu bendalo ngaphandle nokuguqula idatha ibe ziimpawu zombane ukuze idluliselwe kwi-ECU ukuxhasa ulawulo olukrelekrele lweenkqubo ezininzi.
Kwinkqubo yomoya opholileyo, i-sensor ijonga ubushushu bangaphandle, kwaye i-ECU ilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo imvamisa ye-compressor yomoya opholileyo, amandla okupholisa, okanye amandla okufudumeza ngokusekelwe kumahluko phakathi kobushushu bangaphakathi nobangaphandle. Umzekelo, iphucula ukupholisa xa kushushu kwaye iqala ukufudumeza xa kubanda, iqinisekisa ubushushu bangaphakathi obukhawulezayo nobukhululekileyo.
Ukulawula injini, idatha yobushushu ebonelelwa sisiva inceda i-ECU ukuba iphucule amaqhinga okusebenza, njengokunyusa umthamo wokufakwa kwepetroli ukuze kube lula ukuqala nokunciphisa ukuguguleka kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, kunye nokulungisa isantya sefeni yokupholisa kunye nokuvulwa kwe-thermostat kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukuphucula ukusasazwa kobushushu, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ukonga kwepetroli kunye nozinzo.
Kwinkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri (ingakumbi kwizithuthi zombane), i-sensor ijonga impembelelo yobushushu bangaphandle kumsebenzi webhetri, kwaye i-ECU ilungisa amaqhinga okutshaja/okukhupha okanye iinkqubo zolawulo lobushushu bokuqala ngokufanelekileyo, ithintele ubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye ukwehla kokusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, yandisa ubomi bebhetri kwaye iqinisekise ukhuseleko.
Ngaphezu koko, idatha yesensa ikwanceda ikhompyutha yokuqhuba, inkqubo yokuhambahamba ekuboniseni ubushushu bendalo, kwaye kwezinye izithuthi, ithatha inxaxheba ekufumaneni umkhenkce endleleni ukuphucula ukhuseleko lokuqhuba.
Esi senzwa sidla ngokusebenzisa ii-thermistors ze-NTC, ezifakwe kwiindawo ezifana ne-bumper yangaphambili ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka okuvela kwimithombo yobushushu, kwaye ukuchaneka kwayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo ezininzi.
Izinzwa zokusingqongileyo kweemoto (ezifana nezinzwa zeoksijini, izinzwa zobushushu bamanzi, izinzwa zemvula, njl.njl.) zisetyenziselwa ukujonga iiparameter zokusingqongileyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesithuthi, kwaye iimpazamo zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenjini, ulawulo lokukhupha umbane, okanye iinkqubo zoncedo lokuqhuba.
Izizathu zokungalungi zihluke kakhulu, kuquka:
Izinto ezibangela imeko-bume: Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukufuma, uthuli, okanye ukuntywiliselwa emanzini kunokubangela ukuba izinto zesensor ziguge, ziguquguquke, okanye zibe neesekethe ezimfutshane zesekethe. Umzekelo, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akhawulezisa ukuguga kweesensor zeoksijini, kwaye iindawo ezifumileyo zibangela ukugqwala kwe-interface.
Iingxaki zombane: Iisekethe ezimfutshane, iisekethe ezivulekileyo, unxibelelwano olubi, okanye ukutshintshatshintsha kwamandla ombane kunokuphazamisana nokudluliselwa kwesignali, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isenzi singasebenzi kakuhle.
Umonakalo woomatshini: Ukungqubana, ukungcangcazela, okanye ukufakwa okungafanelekanga kunokubangela ukufuduka komzimba kwesensor okanye umonakalo kwisakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi, ingakumbi kwiisensor ezifakwe kwi-chassis okanye kumavili.
Ukungcola nokuvaleka: Ukuqokelelwa kothuli, ioyile, okanye amasuntswana ekhabhoni kunokugubungela indawo yokubhaqwa kwesensor, nto leyo ethintela ukuqonda okusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, isensor yeoksijini evalekileyo ibangela ukuphambuka kwesignali.
Iziphene Zokwaluphala Nezokwenziwa Kwemveliso: Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kukhokelela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza kwecandelo, okanye kusenokubakho iziphene zomgangatho kwiisensa ngokwazo, ezinokubangela ukungaphumeleli kwangethuba.
Iimpawu zeziphene ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesensa. Umzekelo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesensa yeoksijini kunokubangela ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwepetroli kunye nokukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo; isensa yobushushu bamanzi engaqhelekanga inokubangela ukufundwa okungachanekanga kwigeyiji yobushushu bamanzi; isensa yemvula engasebenzi kakuhle inokuchaphazela umsebenzi we-windshield wiper ozenzekelayo.
Uxilongo kunye nesisombululo zifuna uphando olucwangcisiweyo: Okokuqala, qinisekisa le nto ngokufunda iikhowudi zeempazamo, kwaye ujonge izihlanganisi, iintambo, kunye nombane; sebenzisa i-multimeter yedijithali ye-high-impedance ukuze ubhaqe, uphephe ukusebenzisa izixhobo zohlobo lwe-pointer okanye "indlela yokukrazula i-spark". Thatha amanyathelo kwiisensa ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokucoca okanye ukutshintsha isensa ye-oxygen, ukulungisa indawo ye-throttle. Ngexesha lomsebenzi, qaphela ukhuseleko ukuze uphephe i-ECU ukuba manzi okanye imigca ingasebenzi kakuhle.
Ukuthintela kufuna ukugxininiswa ekugcinweni kwemihla ngemihla: Jonga rhoqo inkangeleko kunye nemeko yentambo yeenzwa, kuphephe ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo ezibangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic; nika ingqalelo kwiimeko zendlela ngexesha lokuqhuba, nciphisa umngcipheko wokungqubana; gcina imoto rhoqo kwaye ucoce ukungcola okujikeleze iinzwa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi, qhubeka ufunda amanye amanqaku kule sayithi!
Nceda usitsalele umnxeba ukuba ufuna iimveliso ezinjalo.
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