I-compressor ye-air conditioner yemoto yeyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo ye-air conditioner yemoto kwaye idlala indima yokucinezela nokuthutha umphunga we-refrigerant. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-compressors: i-non-variable displacement kunye ne-variable displacement. Ngokwemigaqo eyahlukeneyo yokusebenza, ii-air conditioner zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-fixed displacement compressors kunye nee-variable displacement compressors.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, iicompressor ngokubanzi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezijikelezayo nezijikelezayo. Iicompressor eziqhelekileyo ezijikelezayo ziquka uhlobo lwentonga yokudibanisa ye-crankshaft kunye nohlobo lwe-axial piston, kwaye iicompressor eziqhelekileyo ezijikelezayo ziquka uhlobo lwe-rotary vane kunye nohlobo lwe-scroll.
I-compressor ye-air-conditioner yemoto yeyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo ye-air-conditioner yemoto kwaye idlala indima yokucinezela nokuthutha umphunga we-refrigerant.
Ulwahlulo
Iicompressor zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ukufuduka okungenaguquguqukiyo kunye nokufuduka okuguqukayo.
Iicompressor zomoya-moya ngokubanzi zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezijikelezayo nezijikelezayo ngokweendlela zazo zokusebenza zangaphakathi.
Umgaqo wokusebenza wokuhlelwa kohlelo losasazo
Ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza eyahlukeneyo, ii-compressors zomoya-moya zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-compressors zomoya-moya ezizinzileyo kunye nee-compressors zomoya-moya eziguquguqukayo.
I-compressor yokufuduka esisigxina
Ukufuduka kwecompressor efudukayo ngokusisigxina kuyanda ngokulinganayo ngokonyuka kwesantya senjini. Ayinakutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo amandla aphumayo ngokwemfuno yokupholisa, kwaye inempembelelo enkulu ekusetyenzisweni kwepetroli yenjini. Ulawulo lwayo ngokubanzi luqokelela isignali yobushushu ye-air outlet ye-evaporator. Xa ubushushu bufikelela kubushushu obumiselweyo, i-clutch ye-electromagnetic yecompressor iyakhululwa kwaye i-compressor iyeke ukusebenza. Xa ubushushu bunyuka, i-clutch ye-electromagnetic iyabandakanywa kwaye i-compressor iqala ukusebenza. I-compressor efudukayo ngokusisigxina ikwalawulwa luxinzelelo lwenkqubo yomoya opholileyo. Xa uxinzelelo olukwipayipi luphezulu kakhulu, i-compressor iyeke ukusebenza.
I-compressor ye-air conditioner eguquguqukayo
I-compressor yokutshintsha umoya eguquguqukayo ingayilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo imveliso yamandla ngokweqondo lobushushu elimiselweyo. Inkqubo yolawulo lomoya opholileyo ayiqokeleli uphawu lobushushu lwe-outlet yomoya ye-evaporator, kodwa ilawula umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwe-compressor ngokwendlela yokutshintsha koxinzelelo kwipayipi yomoya opholileyo ukuze ilungise ngokuzenzekelayo ubushushu bomoya ophumayo. Kuyo yonke inkqubo yokufriji, i-compressor isebenza rhoqo, kwaye ukulungiswa koxinzelelo lwe-friji kulawulwa ngokupheleleyo yi-valve elawula uxinzelelo efakwe ngaphakathi kwi-compressor. Xa uxinzelelo olukwisiphelo soxinzelelo oluphezulu lombhobho womoya opholileyo luphezulu kakhulu, i-valve elawula uxinzelelo ifinyeza i-stroke ye-piston kwi-compressor ukuze kuncitshiswe umlinganiselo woxinzelelo, oya kunciphisa ubunzulu be-friji. Xa uxinzelelo olukwisiphelo soxinzelelo oluphezulu luhla luye kwinqanaba elithile kwaye uxinzelelo olukwisiphelo soxinzelelo oluphantsi lunyuka luye kwinqanaba elithile, i-valve elawula uxinzelelo yonyusa i-stroke ye-piston ukuphucula ubunzulu be-friji.
Uhlu lwesitayile somsebenzi
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, iicompressor ngokubanzi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezijikelezayo nezijikelezayo. Iicompressor eziqhelekileyo ezijikelezayo ziquka uhlobo lwentonga yokudibanisa ye-crankshaft kunye nohlobo lwe-axial piston, kwaye iicompressor eziqhelekileyo ezijikelezayo ziquka uhlobo lwe-rotary vane kunye nohlobo lwe-scroll.
I-crankshaft yokudibanisa intonga yecompressor
Inkqubo yokusebenza yale compressor inokwahlulwa ibe zine, ezizezi: ucinezelo, ukukhupha umoya, ukwandiswa, ukufunxa. Xa i-crankshaft ijikeleza, intonga yokudibanisa iqhuba i-piston ukuba ijike, kwaye umthamo wokusebenza owenziwe ludonga lwangaphakathi lwesilinda, intloko yesilinda kunye nomphezulu wepiston utshintsha rhoqo, ngaloo ndlela ucinezela kwaye uthutha i-refrigerant kwinkqubo yokufriji. I-crankshaft connecting rod compressor yi-compressor yesizukulwana sokuqala. Isetyenziswa kakhulu, inobuchwepheshe bokuvelisa obuvuthiweyo, isakhiwo esilula, iimfuno eziphantsi kwizixhobo zokucubungula kunye netekhnoloji yokucubungula, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, inokukwazi ukuzivumelanisa noluhlu olubanzi loxinzelelo kunye neemfuno zomthamo wokufriji, kwaye iyakwazi ukugcinwa kakuhle.
Nangona kunjalo, i-crankshaft connecting rod compressor nayo inezinye iingxaki ezicacileyo, njengokungakwazi ukufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu, umatshini mkhulu kwaye unzima, kwaye akulula ukufikelela ubunzima obuphantsi. I-exhaust ayiqhubeki, ukuhamba komoya kulula ukuguquguquka, kwaye kukho ukungcangcazela okukhulu ngexesha lokusebenza.
Ngenxa yeempawu ezingentla ze-crankshaft-connecting-rod compressors, zimbalwa ii-small-displacement compressors ezisebenzise olu lwakhiwo. Okwangoku, ii-crankshaft-connecting-rod compressors zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zomoya-moya ezinkulu zeemoto zabakhweli kunye neelori.
Isiguquli sePiston ye-Axial
Iicompressor zepiston ezixial zingabizwa ngokuba ziicompressor zesizukulwana sesibini, kwaye ezixhaphakileyo ziicompressor zerocker-plate okanye zeswash-plate, eziziimveliso eziphambili kwiicompressor ze-air-conditioning zezithuthi. Izinto eziphambili zecompressor yeplate yeswash yi-shaft ephambili kunye ne-swash plate. Iisilinda zilungelelaniswe ngokweenxa zonke kunye ne-shaft ephambili yecompressor njengembindi, kwaye indlela yokuhamba kwepiston ihambelana ne-shaft ephambili yecompressor. Iipiston ezininzi ze-compressors ze-swash plate zenziwe njengeepiston ezineentloko ezimbini, ezifana nee-compressor ze-axial 6-cylinder, ii-cylinders ezi-3 zingaphambili kwe-compressor, kwaye ezinye ii-cylinders ezi-3 zingasemva kwe-compressor. Iipiston ezineentloko ezimbini ziyatyibilika zidibene kwi-cylinders ezichaseneyo. Xa elinye icala lepiston licinezela umphunga we-refrigerant kwi-cylinder engaphambili, elinye icala lepiston liphefumla umphunga we-refrigerant kwi-cylinder engasemva. Isilinda nganye ixhotyiswe ngeevalvu zomoya eziphantsi neziphezulu, kwaye kusetyenziswa enye ipayipi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukudibanisa amagumbi angaphambili nangasemva anoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ipleyiti etyebileyo iqiniswe nomngxuma oyintloko wecompressor, umphetho wepleyiti etyebileyo udityaniswe kwigroove embindini wepiston, kwaye umngxuma wepiston kunye nomphetho wepleyiti etyebileyo zixhaswa ziibheringi zebhola zentsimbi. Xa umngxuma oyintloko ujikeleza, ipleyiti ye-swash nayo iyajikeleza, kwaye umphetho wepleyiti ye-swash utyhala i-piston ukuba ibuyele kwi-axial. Ukuba ipleyiti ye-swash ijikeleza kube kanye, iipiston ezimbini zangaphambili nangasemva nganye igqibezela umjikelo wokucinezelwa, ukuphuma, ukwandiswa, kunye nokufunxwa, okulingana nomsebenzi weesilinda ezimbini. Ukuba yi-compressor ye-axial 6-cylinder, iisilinda ezi-3 kunye neepiston ezi-double-headed ezi-3 zisasazwa ngokulinganayo kwicandelo le-cylinder block. Xa umngxuma oyintloko ujikeleza kube kanye, ulingana nomphumo weesilinda ezi-6.
I-compressor ye-swash plate kulula kakhulu ukuyifikelela kwi-miniaturization kunye nobunzima obuphantsi, kwaye inokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu. Inesakhiwo esincinci, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo. Emva kokulawula ukufuduka okuguquguqukayo, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-air conditioner zeemoto.
Isiguquli seVane esijikelezayo
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeemilo zesilinda zeecompressor ze-rotary vane: zijikelezile kwaye zimile okweqanda. Kwisilinda esijikelezayo, i-shaft ephambili ye-rotor inomgama ongaqhelekanga ukusuka embindini wesilinda, ukuze i-rotor inamathele ngokusondeleyo phakathi kwemingxunya yokufunxa kunye neyokukhupha umoya kumphezulu wangaphakathi wesilinda. Kwisilinda esijikelezileyo, i-axis ephambili ye-rotor kunye nembindi we-ellipse ziyadibana. Iiblade ezikwi-rotor zahlula isilinda zibe zizithuba ezahlukeneyo. Xa i-shaft ephambili iqhuba i-rotor ukuba ijikeleze kube kanye, umthamo wezi zithuba uyatshintsha rhoqo, kwaye umphunga we-refrigerant nawo uyatshintsha kumthamo kunye nobushushu kwezi zithuba. Ii-compressor ze-rotary vane azina-valve yokufunxa kuba ii-vane zenza umsebenzi wokufunxa nokucinezela i-refrigerant. Ukuba kukho iiblade ezimbini, kukho iinkqubo ezimbini zokukhupha umoya kumjikelo omnye we-shaft ephambili. Okukhona iiblade zininzi, kokukhona kuncipha ukuguquguquka kokukhupha i-compressor.
Njenge-compressor yesizukulwana sesithathu, kuba umthamo kunye nobunzima be-compressor ye-rotary vane bunokwenziwa buncinci, kulula ukuyihlela kwindawo encinci yenjini, kunye neenzuzo zengxolo ephantsi kunye nokungcangcazela, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-volumetric, ikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zomoya-moya wezithuthi. Ifumene ukusetyenziswa okuthile. Nangona kunjalo, i-rotary vane vane compressor ineemfuno eziphezulu zokuchaneka komatshini kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa.
isiguquli sokuskrola
Ezi compressors zinokubizwa ngokuba ziicompressors zesizukulwana sesi-4. Ulwakhiwo lwee-scroll compressors lwahlulwe kakhulu kwiindidi ezimbini: uhlobo oluguquguqukayo nolungashukumiyo kunye nohlobo oluphindwe kabini. Okwangoku, uhlobo oluguquguqukayo nolungashukumiyo lolona lusetyenziswa kakhulu. Iindawo zayo ezisebenzayo zenziwe ikakhulu yi-dynamic turbine kunye ne-static turbine. Izakhiwo zee-dynamic kunye nee-static turbines zifana kakhulu, kwaye zombini zenziwe ngepleyiti yokugqibela kunye ne-involute spiral tooth evela kwipleyiti yokugqibela, zombini zicwangciswe ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye umahluko yi-180°, i-static turbine ayiguquki, kwaye i-turbine ehambayo ijikeleziswa ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye iguqulelwe yi-crankshaft phantsi komda wendlela ekhethekileyo yokulwa nokujikeleza, oko kukuthi, akukho kujikeleziswa, yi-revolution kuphela. Ii-scroll compressors zineengenelo ezininzi. Umzekelo, i-compressor incinci ngobukhulu kwaye ilula ngobunzima, kwaye i-eccentric shaft eqhuba intshukumo ye-turbine inokujikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu. Ngenxa yokuba akukho valve yokufunxa kunye ne-discharge valve, i-scroll compressor isebenza ngokuthembekileyo, kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda intshukumo yesantya esiguquguqukayo kunye netekhnoloji yokufuduka eguquguqukayo. Iigumbi ezininzi zoxinzelelo zisebenza ngaxeshanye, umahluko woxinzelelo lwegesi phakathi kweegumbi zoxinzelelo ezikufutshane umncinci, ukuvuza kwegesi kuncinci, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwevolumu kuphezulu. Ii-scroll compressors ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo lokukhenkceza okuncinci ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo zesakhiwo esincinci, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokonga amandla, ukungcangcazela okuphantsi kunye nengxolo ephantsi, kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza, kwaye ngaloo ndlela zibe yenye yeendlela eziphambili zophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-compressor.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo
Njengenxalenye yokusebenza ejikelezayo ngesantya esiphezulu, i-air conditioner inamathuba aphezulu okungasebenzi. Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo yingxolo engaqhelekanga, ukuvuza kunye nokungasebenzi.
(1) Ingxolo engaqhelekanga Kukho izizathu ezininzi zengxolo engaqhelekanga yecompressor. Umzekelo, i-electromagnetic clutch yecompressor yonakele, okanye ingaphakathi lecompressor lonakele kakhulu, njl.njl., nto leyo enokubangela ingxolo engaqhelekanga.
①I-clutch ye-electromagnetic ye-compressor yindawo eqhelekileyo apho kwenzeka khona ingxolo engaqhelekanga. I-compressor idla ngokusebenza ukusuka kwisantya esiphantsi ukuya kwisantya esiphezulu phantsi komthwalo ophezulu, ngoko ke iimfuno ze-clutch ye-electromagnetic ziphezulu kakhulu, kwaye indawo yokufaka i-clutch ye-electromagnetic ngokubanzi ikufutshane nomhlaba, kwaye idla ngokuchatshazelwa ngamanzi emvula nomhlaba. Xa i-bearing kwi-clutch ye-electromagnetic yonakele, kuvela isandi esingaqhelekanga.
②Ukongeza kwingxaki ye-clutch ye-electromagnetic ngokwayo, ukuqina kwebhanti ye-compressor drive kukwachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi be-clutch ye-electromagnetic. Ukuba ibhanti ye-transmission ikhululekile kakhulu, i-electromagnetic clutch ithambekele ekutyibilikeni; ukuba ibhanti ye-transmission iqine kakhulu, umthwalo kwi-clutch ye-electromagnetic uya kwanda. Xa ukuqina kwebhanti ye-transmission kungachanekanga, i-compressor ayizukusebenza kwinqanaba lokukhanya, kwaye i-compressor iya konakala xa inzima. Xa ibhanti ye-drive isebenza, ukuba i-compressor pulley kunye ne-generator pulley azikho kwindawo enye, kuya kunciphisa ubomi bebhanti ye-drive okanye i-compressor.
③ Ukufunxa nokuvala okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-clutch ye-electromagnetic kuya kubangela ingxolo engaqhelekanga kwi-compressor. Umzekelo, ukuveliswa kwamandla kwejenereyitha akwanelanga, uxinzelelo lwenkqubo yomoya opholileyo luphezulu kakhulu, okanye umthwalo wenjini mkhulu kakhulu, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba i-clutch ye-electromagnetic itsale ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
④Kufuneka kubekho umsantsa othile phakathi kwe-clutch ye-electromagnetic kunye nomphezulu wokufaka i-compressor. Ukuba umsantsa mkhulu kakhulu, impembelelo nayo iya kwanda. Ukuba umsantsa mncinci kakhulu, i-clutch ye-electromagnetic iya kuphazamisa umphezulu wokufaka i-compressor ngexesha lokusebenza. Oku kukwangunobangela oqhelekileyo wengxolo engaqhelekanga.
⑤ I-compressor ifuna ukuthambisa okuthembekileyo xa isebenza. Xa i-compressor ingenayo i-oyile yokuthambisa, okanye i-oyile yokuthambisa ingasetyenziswanga kakuhle, kuya kubakho ingxolo enkulu engaqhelekanga ngaphakathi kwi-compressor, ize ibangele ukuba i-compressor iguge kwaye ilahlwe.
(2) Ukuvuza Ukuvuza kwefriji yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo kwiinkqubo zomoya opholileyo. Inxalenye evuzayo yecompressor idla ngokuba kwindawo apho icompressor idibana khona kunye nemibhobho yoxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphantsi, apho kuhlala kunzima ukujonga ngenxa yendawo efakelwe kuyo. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwenkqubo yomoya opholileyo luphezulu kakhulu, kwaye xa ifriji ivuza, ioyile yecompressor iya kulahleka, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba inkqubo yomoya opholileyo ingasebenzi okanye icompressor ingathanjiswe kakuhle. Kukho iivalvu zokukhusela uxinzelelo kwicompressors zeair conditioner. Iivalvu zokukhusela uxinzelelo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kube kanye. Emva kokuba uxinzelelo lwenkqubo luphezulu kakhulu, ivalvu yokukhusela uxinzelelo kufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha.
(3) Ayisebenzi Zininzi izizathu zokuba i-compressor ye-air conditioner ingasebenzi, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yeengxaki zesekethe ezinxulumene nayo. Ungajonga kwangaphambili ukuba i-compressor yonakele na ngokunika umbane ngqo kwi-clutch ye-electromagnetic ye-compressor.
Amanyathelo okugcina umoya opholileyo
Imiba yokhuseleko ekufuneka uyiqaphele xa usebenzisa iifriji
(1) Musa ukuphatha i-refrigerant kwindawo evaliweyo okanye kufutshane nelangatye elivulekileyo;
(2) Kufuneka kunxitywe iiglasi zokuzikhusela;
(3) Kuphephe ukungena kwe-refrigerant engamanzi emehlweni okanye ukutshiza ulusu;
(4) Musa ukukhomba abantu ezantsi kwetanki yefriji, ezinye iitanki zefriji zinezixhobo zokungenisa umoya ongxamisekileyo ezantsi;
(5) Musa ukubeka itanki yefriji ngqo emanzini ashushu anobushushu obungaphezulu kwama-40°C;
(6) Ukuba ulwelo olubandayo lungena emehlweni okanye luchukumisa ulusu, musa ukuluhlikihla, luhlambe ngamanzi abandayo amaninzi ngoko nangoko, kwaye uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumane ugqirha ukuze ufumane unyango lobuchwephesha, kwaye ungazami ukujongana nalo ngokwakho.
