Ingalo ejijekayo idla ngokuba phakathi kwevili nomzimba, kwaye yinxalenye yokhuseleko enxulumene nomqhubi edlulisela amandla, ibuthathaka ukudluliselwa kokungcangcazela, kwaye ilawula icala.
Ingalo yokujika idla ngokuba phakathi kwevili nomzimba, kwaye yinxalenye yokhuseleko enxulumene nomqhubi odlulisela amandla, onciphisa ukudluliselwa kokungcangcazela, kwaye olawula icala. Eli nqaku lazisa uyilo oluqhelekileyo lwengalo yokujika kwimarike, kwaye lithelekisa kwaye lihlalutye impembelelo yezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo, umgangatho kunye nexabiso.
Ukumiswa kwe-chassis yemoto kwahlulwe kancinci kancinci kwaba kukumiswa kwangaphambili kunye nokumiswa ngasemva. Zombini ii-suspension zangaphambili nangasemva zineengalo zokujika ezidibanisa amavili kunye nomzimba. Iingalo zokujika zihlala ziphakathi kwamavili nomzimba.
Indima yengalo yokujika ekhokelayo kukudibanisa ivili kunye nesakhelo, ukuhambisa amandla, ukunciphisa ukudluliselwa kokungcangcazela, kunye nokulawula icala. Yinto yokhuseleko ebandakanya umqhubi. Kukho iindawo zesakhiwo ezithumela amandla kwinkqubo yokumisa, ukuze amavili ahambe ngokumalunga nomzimba ngokwendlela ethile. Iindawo zesakhiwo zihambisa umthwalo, kwaye yonke inkqubo yokumisa ithwala ukusebenza kokuphatha imoto.
Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo sengalo yokujika imoto
1. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokudluliselwa komthwalo, uyilo lwesakhiwo sengalo yokujika kunye netekhnoloji
Uninzi lweemoto zanamhlanje zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokumiswa ezizimeleyo. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha, iinkqubo zokumiswa ezizimeleyo zinokwahlulwa zibe luhlobo lwethambo le-wishbone, uhlobo lwengalo elandelelanayo, uhlobo lwe-multi-link, uhlobo lwekhandlela kunye nohlobo lweMcPherson. Ingalo enqamlezayo kunye nengalo elandelelanayo zizakhiwo zamandla amabini zengalo enye kwi-multi-link, kunye neendawo ezimbini zokudibanisa. Iintonga ezimbini zamandla amabini zidibene kwi-universal joint kwi-engile ethile, kwaye imigca yokudibanisa yeendawo zokudibanisa yenza isakhiwo esingunxantathu. Ingalo esezantsi yokumiswa kwangaphambili yeMacPherson yingalo eqhelekileyo yokujika enamachaphaza amathathu enamachaphaza amathathu. Umgca odibanisa iindawo ezintathu zokudibanisa sisakhiwo esingunxantathu esizinzileyo esinokumelana nemithwalo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.
Ulwakhiwo lwengalo yokujika enamandla amabini lulula, kwaye uyilo lwesakhiwo luhlala lumiselwa ngokwezakhono ezahlukeneyo zobungcali kunye nokulula kokucubungula kwenkampani nganye. Umzekelo, isakhiwo sesinyithi esitywiniweyo (jonga uMfanekiso 1), isakhiwo soyilo yipleyiti yentsimbi enye engenawo umsonto, kwaye umsonto wesakhiwo uninzi lwawo ukwimo "I"; isakhiwo sesinyithi esitshisiweyo (jonga uMfanekiso 2), isakhiwo soyilo yipleyiti yentsimbi etshisiweyo, kwaye umsonto wesakhiwo ungaphezulu. Ukwimo "口"; okanye iipleyiti zokuqinisa zasekuhlaleni zisetyenziselwa ukugoba nokuqinisa indawo eyingozi; isakhiwo sokulungisa umatshini wesinyithi, umsonto wesakhiwo uqinile, kwaye imilo ihlengahlengiswa kakhulu ngokweemfuno zoyilo lwe-chassis; isakhiwo sokulungisa umatshini we-aluminium (jonga uMfanekiso 3), isakhiwo Umsonto uqinile, kwaye iimfuno zemilo zifana nowokwenza intsimbi; isakhiwo sombhobho wesinyithi silula kwisakhiwo, kwaye umsonto wesakhiwo ungqukuva.
Ulwakhiwo lwengalo yokujika enamachaphaza amathathu luyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye uyilo lwesakhiwo luhlala lumiselwa ngokweemfuno ze-OEM. Kuhlalutyo lokulinganisa intshukumo, ingalo yokujika ayinakuphazamisana nezinye iindawo, kwaye uninzi lwazo luneemfuno zomgama omncinci. Umzekelo, isakhiwo sesinyithi esitywiniweyo sisetyenziswa kakhulu ngexesha elinye nesakhiwo sesinyithi esitshixiweyo, umngxuma we-sensor harness okanye i-stabilizer bar connecting rod connection bracket, njl.njl. ziya kutshintsha isakhiwo soyilo lwengalo yokujika; umngxuma wesakhiwo usekwimo "yomlomo", kwaye umngxuma wengalo yokujika uya kuba Isakhiwo esivaliweyo singcono kunesakhiwo esingavalwanga. Isakhiwo esenziwe ngomatshini, umngxuma wesakhiwo ikakhulu umilo "we-I", oneempawu zemveli zokujika kunye nokumelana nokugoba; ukwakheka kwesakhiwo esenziwe ngomatshini, imilo kunye nomngxuma wesakhiwo zixhotyiswe kakhulu ngeembambo zokuqinisa kunye nemingxunya yokunciphisa ubunzima ngokweempawu zokujika; ukujiya kwesinyithi Isakhiwo esidibeneyo kunye nokujiya, ngenxa yeemfuno zendawo yoyilo lwe-chassis yesithuthi, i-ball joint idityaniswe kwi-forging, kwaye ukujiya kuqhagamshelwe kwi-sheet metal; Ulwakhiwo lomatshini we-aluminium oluxonxiweyo lubonelela ngokusetyenziswa ngcono kwezinto kunye nemveliso kunokwakha, kwaye lunamandla angaphezulu kwezinto ezixonxiweyo, oku kukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji entsha.
2. Nciphisa ukudluliselwa kokungcangcazela emzimbeni, kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo se-elastic kwindawo yokudibanisa ingalo ejikayo
Ekubeni umphezulu wendlela apho imoto iqhuba khona ungenako ukuba tyaba ngokupheleleyo, amandla okusabela ngokuthe nkqo omphezulu wendlela asebenza kumavili adla ngokuba nefuthe, ingakumbi xa uqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu kumphezulu wendlela ombi, la mandla okuchaphazela abangela ukuba umqhubi azive engakhululekanga. , izinto ezithambileyo zifakelwa kwinkqubo yokumiswa, kwaye uqhagamshelo oluqinileyo luguqulwa lube luqhagamshelo oluthambileyo. Emva kokuba into ethambileyo ichaphazelekile, ivelisa ukungcangcazela, kwaye ukungcangcazela okuqhubekayo kwenza umqhubi azive engakhululekanga, ngoko ke inkqubo yokumiswa ifuna izinto ezidambisayo ukuze kuncitshiswe ubukhulu bokungcangcazela ngokukhawuleza.
Iindawo zokudibanisa kuyilo lwesakhiwo sengalo ejikajikayo zizinto ezidityanisiweyo kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-ball joint. Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zibonelela ngokudambisa ukungcangcazela kunye nenani elincinci lee-degrees ezijikelezayo nezitshintshayo zenkululeko. Ii-bushings zerabha zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezidityanisiweyo kwiimoto, kwaye ii-hydraulic bushings kunye nee-cross hinges nazo ziyasetyenziswa.
Umfanekiso 2 Ingalo yeswingi yokuwelda yesinyithi
Ulwakhiwo lwe-rubber bushing ikakhulu ngumbhobho wentsimbi onerabha ngaphandle, okanye isakhiwo sesandwich sombhobho wentsimbi-irabha-intsimbi. Umbhobho wentsimbi wangaphakathi ufuna ukumelana noxinzelelo kunye neemfuno zobubanzi, kwaye ii-serrations ezichasene nokutyibilika ziqhelekile kuzo zombini iziphelo. Umaleko werabha ulungisa ifomyula yezinto kunye nesakhiwo soyilo ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokuqina.
Isangqa sentsimbi esingaphandle sidla ngokuba ne-engile ye-lead-in, nto leyo evumela ukufakwa kwe-press-fitting.
I-hydraulic bushing inesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo, kwaye yimveliso enenkqubo enzima kunye nexabiso elongezelelekileyo kudidi lwe-bushing. Kukho umngxuma kwirabha, kwaye kukho ioyile kumngxuma. Uyilo lwesakhiwo se-cavity lwenziwa ngokweemfuno zokusebenza kwe-bushing. Ukuba ioyile iyavuza, i-bushing yonakele. I-hydraulic bushings inokubonelela nge-curve engcono yokuqina, echaphazela ukuqhutywa kwesithuthi ngokubanzi.
I-cross hinge inesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo kwaye yinxalenye edibeneyo yee-raber kunye nee-ball hinges. Ingabonelela ngokuqina okungcono kune-bushing, i-swing angle kunye ne-rotation angle, i-stiff curve ekhethekileyo, kwaye ihlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwesithuthi sonke. Ii-cross hinges ezonakeleyo ziya kuvelisa ingxolo kwi-cab xa imoto ishukuma.
3. Ngokuhamba kwevili, uyilo lwesakhiwo sento yokujika kwindawo yokudibanisa ingalo yokujika
Umphezulu wendlela ongalinganiyo ubangela ukuba amavili atsibe phezulu nasezantsi xa kuthelekiswa nomzimba (isakhelo), kwaye kwangaxeshanye amavili ayahamba, njengokujika, ukuya ngokuthe tye, njl.njl., nto leyo edinga indlela amavili ahamba ngayo ukuze ahlangabezane neemfuno ezithile. Ingalo ejikayo kunye nejoyinti yendalo yonke ziqhagamshelwe kakhulu yihinji yebhola.
I-swing arm ball hinge inokubonelela nge-engile ye-swing engaphezulu kwe-±18°, kwaye inokubonelela nge-engile yokujikeleza ye-360°. Ihlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokubaleka kwamavili kunye nokuqhuba. Kwaye i-ball hinge ihlangabezana neemfuno zewaranti yeminyaka emi-2 okanye i-60,000 km kunye neminyaka emi-3 okanye i-80,000 km kwisithuthi sonke.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa phakathi kwengalo yokujika kunye nehinge yebhola (ijoyinti yebhola), ingahlulwahlulwa ibe luqhagamshelo lwebholiti okanye lwerivet, ihinge yebhola ineflange; uqhagamshelo lokuphazamiseka oluhambelana nokucinezelwa, ihinge yebhola ayinaflange; idibeneyo, ingalo yokujika kunye nehinge yebhola Zonke zikwinye. Kwisakhiwo sesinyithi esinye kunye nesakhiwo sesinyithi esineeshiti ezininzi, iintlobo ezimbini zangaphambili zoqhagamshelo zisetyenziswa kakhulu; uhlobo lokugqibela loqhagamshelo olufana nokufakelwa kwentsimbi, ukufakelwa kwealuminium kunye nesinyithi esityhidiweyo lusetyenziswa kakhulu.
I-ball hinge kufuneka ihlangabezane nokumelana nokuguguleka phantsi kwemeko yomthwalo, ngenxa ye-engile yokusebenza enkulu kune-bushing, imfuneko yobomi obuphezulu. Ke ngoko, i-ball hinge kufuneka yenziwe njengesakhiwo esidibeneyo, kubandakanya ukuthambisa okuhle kwenkqubo yokuthambisa ejikelezayo kunye neyokukhusela uthuli kunye namanzi.
Umfanekiso 3 Ingalo yokujika eyenziwe nge-aluminium
Impembelelo yoyilo lwengalo yokujika kumgangatho kunye nexabiso
1. Umgangatho: okukhona ikhaphukhaphu kokukhona ingcono
Ubuninzi bendalo bomzimba (okwaziwa ngokuba yi-free vibration frequency yenkqubo yokungcangcazela) obumiselwa bukuqina kokuxhoma kunye nobunzima obuxhaswa yi-suspension spring (sprung mass) yenye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza kwenkqubo yokuxhoma echaphazela intuthuzelo yokuhamba kwemoto. Ubuninzi be-vertical vibration obusetyenziswa ngumzimba womntu bubuninzi bomzimba ohamba phezulu nasezantsi ngexesha lokuhamba, obumalunga ne-1-1.6Hz. Ubunzima bendalo bomzimba kufuneka busondele kangangoko kolu luhlu lwe-frequency. Xa ubunzima benkqubo yokuxhoma buhlala buhleli, kokukhona ubunzima obuphuphumayo buncinci, kokukhona ukuguquguquka okuthe nkqo kokuxhoma kuncinci, kwaye kokukhona ubuninzi bendalo buphezulu.
Xa umthwalo omi nkqo ungaguquki, kokukhona ukuqina kokuxhonywa kuncinci, kokukhona ukuphindaphinda kwendalo kwemoto kuphantsi, kwaye kokukhona indawo efunekayo ukuze ivili litsibe phezulu nasezantsi ikhudlwana.
Xa iimeko zendlela kunye nesantya sesithuthi zifana, okukhona ubunzima obungafakwanga, kokukhona umthwalo wempembelelo kwinkqubo yokumiswa uncinci. Ubunzima obungafakwanga buquka ubunzima bevili, ubunzima be-universal joint kunye nobunzima bengalo ekhokelayo, njl.
Ngokubanzi, ingalo yokujika ye-aluminiyam inobunzima obuncinci kwaye ingalo yokujika yentsimbi ephoswe ngombala inobunzima obukhulu. Ezinye ziphakathi.
Ekubeni ubunzima beseti yeengalo ezijijekileyo bungaphantsi kwe-10kg, xa kuthelekiswa nesithuthi esinobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-1000kg, ubunzima bengalo ejijekileyo abunampembelelo ingako ekusetyenzisweni kwepetroli.
2. Ixabiso: lixhomekeke kwisicwangciso soyilo
Okukhona iimfuno zininzi, kokukhona ixabiso liphezulu. Ngokwesiseko sokuba amandla olwakhiwo kunye nokuqina kwengalo ejikayo kuyahlangabezana neemfuno, iimfuno zokunyamezela imveliso, ubunzima benkqubo yokuvelisa, uhlobo lwezinto kunye nokufumaneka, kunye neemfuno zokubola komphezulu zonke zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso. Umzekelo, izinto ezichasene nokubola: ukugqunywa nge-electro-galvanized, ngokusebenzisa ukuthambisa komphezulu kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango, kunokufikelela malunga neeyure ezili-144; ukhuseleko lomphezulu lwahlulwe lwaba yi-cathodic electrophoretic paint coating, enokufikelela kukumelana nokubola kweeyure ezingama-240 ngokulungiswa kobukhulu bokugqunywa kunye neendlela zonyango; i-zinc-iron Okanye i-zinc-nickel coating, enokufikelela kwiimfuno zovavanyo lokulwa nokubola kweeyure ezingaphezu kwama-500. Njengoko iimfuno zovavanyo lokubola zisanda, neendleko zenxalenye ziyanda.
Ixabiso lingancitshiswa ngokuthelekisa uyilo kunye nezicwangciso zesakhiwo sengalo yokujika.
Njengoko sonke sisazi, ulungiselelo lwee-hard point ezahlukeneyo lubonelela ngentsebenzo eyahlukileyo yokuqhuba. Ngokukodwa, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ulungiselelo lwee-hard point ezifanayo kunye noyilo lwee-connection point ezahlukeneyo zinokubonelela ngeendleko ezahlukeneyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zonxibelelwano phakathi kweendawo zokwakha kunye neendawo zokudibanisa ibhola: unxibelelwano ngokusebenzisa iindawo eziqhelekileyo (iibholiti, iinati okanye iiriveti), unxibelelwano kunye nokudibanisa unxibelelwano. Xa kuthelekiswa nesakhiwo sonxibelelwano esiqhelekileyo, isakhiwo sonxibelelwano lokudibanisa unxibelelwano sinciphisa iintlobo zeendawo, ezinje ngeebholiti, iinati, iiriveti kunye nezinye iindawo. Isakhiwo sonxibelelwano esidibeneyo senxalenye enye kunesakhiwo sonxibelelwano lokudibanisa unxibelelwano lokudibanisa unxibelelwano sinciphisa inani leendawo zegobolondo lokudibanisa ibhola.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokunxibelelana phakathi kwelungu lesakhiwo kunye ne-elastic element: izinto ezi-elastic zangaphambili nangasemva zihambelana ngokwe-axial kwaye zi-axial zi-perpendicular. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zimisela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlanganisa. Umzekelo, indlela yokucinezela ye-bushing ikwicala elifanayo kwaye i-perpendicular kumzimba wengalo ejikayo. I-single-station double-head press ingasetyenziselwa ukucinezela i-bushings yangaphambili nangasemva ngaxeshanye, okonga abasebenzi, izixhobo kunye nexesha; Ukuba indlela yokufaka ayihambelani (ngokuthe nkqo), i-single-station double-head press ingasetyenziselwa ukucinezela nokufaka i-bushing ngokulandelelana, ukonga abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo; xa i-bushing yenzelwe ukucinezelwa ngaphakathi, kufuneka izitishi ezibini kunye nee-presses ezimbini, zicinezelwe ngokulandelelana i-bushing.
