Isibane sentloko
Izibane zemoto ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu: ibhalbhu yokukhanya, isibonisi kunye nesipili esihambelanayo (isipili se-astigmatism).
ibhalbhu enye
Iibhalbhu ezisetyenziswa kwizibane zemoto ziibhalbhu ze-incandescent, ii-halogen tungsten bulbs, izibane ze-arc ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo njalo njalo.
1 Ngethuba lokuvelisa, ukwenzela ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-bulb, i-bulb igcwele igesi ye-inert (i-nitrogen kunye nomxube wayo weegesi ezingenayo). Oku kunokunciphisa ukuphuma komphunga kocingo lwe-tungsten, ukonyusa ubushushu befilamenti, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle okukhanyayo. Ukukhanya okuvela kwibhalbhu ye-incandescent kunombala otyheli.
(2) Isibane seTungsten halide: Ibhalbhu yokukhanya yeTungsten halide ifakwe kwirhasi engasebenziyo kwindawo ethile yehalide (efana ne-iodine, iklorini, ifluorine, ibromine, njl. I-tungsten yegesi ephuphumayo kwi-filament isabela kunye ne-halogen ukuvelisa i-tungsten halide eguquguqukayo, esasazeka kwindawo yokushisa ephezulu kufuphi ne-filament, kwaye iboliswe bubushushu, ukuze i-tungsten ibuyiselwe kwi-filament. I-halogen ekhutshiweyo iyaqhubeka nokusasazeka kwaye ithatha inxaxheba kwimpendulo yomjikelo olandelayo, ngoko ke umjikelo uyaqhubeka, ngaloo ndlela uthintela ukuvela komphunga kwe-tungsten kunye nokuba mnyama kwebhalbhu. I-tungsten halogen isayizi yebhalbhu yokukhanya incinci, iqokobhe lebhalbhu lenziwe ngeglasi yequartz enokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla omatshini aphezulu, phantsi kwamandla afanayo, ukukhanya kwesibane se-tungsten halogen kuphindwe ka-1.5 kwisibane se-incandescent, kwaye ubomi bu-2 ukuya 3 amaxesha ngaphezulu.
(3) Isibane esitsha sokukhanya okuphezulu kwe-arc: Esi sibane asinaso imicu yesiqhelo kwibhalbhu. Kunoko, ii-electrode ezimbini zifakwe ngaphakathi kwityhubhu ye-quartz. Ityhubhu igcwele i-xenon kunye neentsimbi zokulandelela (okanye i-metal halides), kwaye xa kukho i-arc voltage eyaneleyo kwi-electrode (5000 ~ 12000V), igesi iqala ukwenza i-ionize kwaye iqhube umbane. Iiathom zerhasi zikwimo echulumancisayo kwaye ziqala ukuvelisa ukukhanya ngenxa yenguqu yenqanaba lamandla eelektroni. Emva kwe-0.1s, inani elincinci lomphunga we-mercury liyaphuphuma phakathi kwe-electrodes, kwaye ukunikezelwa kwamandla ngokukhawuleza kudluliselwe kwi-mercury vapor arc discharge, kwaye emva koko idluliselwe kwisibane se-halide arc emva kokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Emva kokuba ukukhanya kufikelele kubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokusebenza kwebhulbhu, amandla okugcina ukukhutshwa kwe-arc aphantsi kakhulu (malunga ne-35w), ngoko ke i-40% yamandla ombane inokugcinwa.
2. isibonisi
Indima yesibonisi kukwandisa i-polymerization yokukhanya okukhutshwa yibhalbhu ibe yintsimbi eyomeleleyo ukunyusa umgama wokukhanya.
Ubume bomphezulu besibuko yiparaboloid ejikelezayo, eyenziwe ngokubanzi nge-0.6 ~ 0.8mm yentsimbi ecekethekileyo yesitampu okanye eyenziwe ngeglasi, iplastiki. Umphezulu wangaphakathi uhlanganiswe ngesilivere, i-aluminium okanye i-chrome kwaye emva koko ipholishe; Ifilamenti ikwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo kwisipili, kwaye uninzi lwemitha yayo yokukhanya ibonakaliswa kwaye idutyulwe kumgama njengemiqadi enxuseneyo. Ibhalbhu yokukhanya ngaphandle kwesibuko inokukhanyisa kuphela umgama omalunga ne-6m, kwaye i-parallel beam eboniswa sisibuko inokukhanyisa umgama ongaphezu kwe-100m. Emva kwesibuko, kukho umlinganiselo omncinci wokukhanya okuhlakazekileyo, apho phezulu akunamsebenzi ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukukhanya kwecala kunye nezantsi kunceda ukukhanyisa indlela kunye ne-curb ye-5 ukuya kwi-10m.
3. ilensi
I-Pantoscope, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiglasi yeastigmatic, yindibaniselwano yeeprism ezikhethekileyo kunye neelensi, kwaye imilo iqhelekile ukuba setyhula kunye noxande. Umsebenzi wesibuko esihambelanayo kukubuyisela umqadi ohambelanayo obonakaliswe sisibuko, ukwenzela ukuba indlela ephambi kwemoto ibe nokukhanya okulungileyo kunye okufanayo.
Indlela yokujongana nenkungu yamanzi kwizibane zemoto?
Izibane zemoto zinenkungu yamanzi zinokunyangwa ngale ndlela: vula izibane zangaphambili ukuba zibe ngumphunga ngokwendalo, ukuchanabeka elangeni, ukucoca ngompu wamanzi oxinzelelo oluphezulu, buyisela umthunzi wesibane sesibane, ukuvuthela ngesomisi seenwele, buyisela isitywina sesibane, ukukhupha isitshizisi. , yongeza i-fan yokupholisa, buyisela isibane sentloko.
Unobangela wokungaphumeleli kwesibane?
Izizathu zokuba kutheni izibane zentloko zingasebenzi zinokubandakanya:
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Ukungaphumeleli kokutshintsha kwe-relay okanye indibaniselwano yokutshintsha: Ukusilela kokutshintsha kwakhona okanye ukudityaniswa kokutshintsha kunokubangela ukuba izibane zentloko zingakhanyi. ...
ifyuzi evuthelweyo : ifuse evuthelweyo sisizathu esixhaphakileyo, jonga kwaye ufake enye indawo yefuse inokusombulula ingxaki. ...
Umgca ovulekileyo, omfutshane okanye owaphukileyo : unxibelelwano lwelayini olulambathayo okanye oluxekileyo, udibaniso alukho endaweni luya kukhokelela ekubeni isibane sangaphambili singalayitiwe.
Ukungaphumeleli kwesilawuli sombane : Ukungaphumeleli kwe-voltage regulator kunokubangela ukuba umbane ube phezulu kakhulu, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba isibane siphele. ...
Amandla ebhetri asezantsi: Amandla ebhetri aphantsi aya kuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezibane. ...
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Ukuze kusonjululwe ezi ngxaki, la manyathelo alandelayo anokuthathwa:
Jonga iglowubhu ukuba akukho monakalo na kwaye uyibuyisele entsha xa kukho imfuneko.
Jonga iingcingo zobushushu okanye iisekethe ezimfutshane, kwaye uzilungise okanye uzitshintshe xa kukho imfuneko.
Khangela ukuba iireyiyidi kunye nokutshintsha okudityanisiweyo kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye uzilungise okanye uzibuyisele xa kukho imfuneko.
Khangela ukuba i-fuse iyavuthelwa kwaye ubuyisele i-fuse ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Khangela umgca ukuba uvulekile, umfutshane okanye uphukile, kwaye ulungise ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Khangela ukuba i-voltage regulator isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uyilungise okanye uyitshintshe xa kuyimfuneko.
Jonga ukuba ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo na, kwaye uyitshaje okanye uyibuyisele ibhetri xa kukho imfuneko.
Khangela ukuba iplagi yesibane sombane siqinile kwaye uqinise ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ngala manyathelo, unokuxilonga ngokufanelekileyo kwaye usombulule ingxaki yezibane zemoto ezingakhanyisi. ...
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