...Umgaqo wokuvuthela umoya womoya wemoto
I-Abstract: Inkqubo ye-air conditioning yemoto sisixhobo sokuqonda ukupholisa, ukufudumeza, ukutshintshiselana komoya kunye nokucocwa komoya kwinqwelo. Inokubonelela ngemekobume yokuqhuba etofotofo kubakhweli, inciphise ukudinwa kwabaqhubi, kwaye iphucule ukhuseleko lokuqhuba. Izixhobo zokupholisa umoya ziye zaba sesinye sezikhombisi zokulinganisa ukuba imoto igqityiwe. Inkqubo ye-Automobile air conditioning system yenziwe ngecompressor, i-air conditioning blower, i-condenser, i-dryer yokugcina ulwelo, ivalve yokwandisa, i-evaporator kunye ne-blower, njl.
Ngokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokuphuculwa kweemfuno zabantu kwindawo yokuqhuba, iimoto ezininzi zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokupholisa umoya. Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2000, iipesenti ezingama-78 zeemoto ezithengiswa eUnited States naseKhanada zixhotyiswe nge-air conditioning, kwaye ngoku kuqikelelwa ukuba ubuncinane iipesenti ezingama-90 zeemoto zine-air-conditioning, ngaphezu kokuzisa ukhululekile. ubume bokuqhuba ebantwini. Njengomsebenzisi wemoto, umfundi kufuneka aqonde umgaqo wayo, ukwenzela ukuba iimeko zongxamiseko zingasombululwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
1. Umgaqo wokusebenza wenkqubo yefriji yemoto
Umgaqo osebenzayo we-automobile air conditioning system yefriji
I-1, umgaqo osebenzayo we-automobile air conditioning system yefriji
Umjikelo we-automotive air conditioning system yefriji iquka iinkqubo ezine: ukunyanzeliswa, ukukhutshwa kobushushu, ukubethelwa kunye nokufunxa ubushushu.
(1) Inkqubo yoxinzelelo: i-compressor iphefumlela ubushushu obuphantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lwegesi epholileyo kwindawo yokuphuma ye-evaporator, iyicinezele kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye negesi ephezulu yoxinzelelo, kwaye emva koko uyithumele kwi-condenser. Umsebenzi ophambili wale nkqubo kukucinezela kunye noxinzelelo lwerhasi ukuze kube lula ukuyinyibilikisa. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokunyanzeliswa, imeko yefriji ayitshintshi, kwaye iqondo lokushisa kunye noxinzelelo luqhubeka nokunyuka, lwenza igesi ephezulu.
(2) Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kobushushu: ubushushu obuphezulu kunye ne-high-pressure superheated gas efrijini ingena kwi-condenser (radiator) yokutshintshana kobushushu kunye nomoya. Ngenxa yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, igesi yefriji idibanisa ibe ngulwelo kwaye ikhuphe ubushushu obukhulu. Umsebenzi wale nkqubo kukukhupha ubushushu kunye nokuqina. Inkqubo ye-condensation ibonakaliswe ngotshintsho kwimeko yefriji, oko kukuthi, phantsi kwemeko yoxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kunye nobushushu, iguquka ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwigesi ukuya kwi-liquid. Ulwelo lwefriji emva kwe-condensation luxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nolwelo oluphezulu lobushushu. I-liquid yefriji i-supercooled, kwaye iqondo elikhulu le-supercooling, ikhono elikhulu lokunyuka kwe-evaporation ukufunxa ubushushu ngexesha lenkqubo yokuguquka, kwaye ngcono umphumo wefriji, oko kukuthi, ukunyuka okuhambelanayo kwimveliso ebandayo.
(3) inkqubo ye-throttling: uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu be-refrigerant liquid is throttled nge-valve yokwandisa ukunciphisa ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye isixhobo sokwandisa sipheliswe kwinkungu (amathontsi amancinci). Indima yenkqubo kukupholisa ifriji kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukusuka kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwelwelo ukuya kulwelo oluphantsi lobushushu, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukufunxa ubushushu, ukulawula umthamo wefriji kunye nokugcina ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwefriji. inkqubo.
4) Inkqubo yokufunxa ubushushu: ulwelo lwenkungu efrijini emva kokupholisa kunye nokudandatheka yivalve yokwandisa ingena kwi-evaporator, ngoko ke indawo yokubilisa yefriji ingaphantsi kakhulu kunobushushu obungaphakathi kwi-evaporator, ngoko ke ulwelo oluyifriji luphuphuma kwi-evaporator kwaye lubilise ngaphakathi. igesi. Kwinkqubo yokuphuma komphunga ukufunxa ubushushu obuninzi ngeenxa zonke, ukunciphisa ubushushu ngaphakathi emotweni. Emva koko iqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lwegesi yefriji iphuma kwi-evaporator kwaye ilindele ukuba i-compressor iphefumle kwakhona. Inkqubo ye-endothermic ibonakaliswe yimeko yefriji eguqukayo ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwi-gaseous, kwaye uxinzelelo alutshintshi ngeli xesha, oko kukuthi, utshintsho lwalo mbuso lwenziwa ngexesha loxinzelelo oluqhubekayo.
2, inkqubo yefriji yomoya womoya wenqwelo-mafutha ngokubanzi yenziwa ziicompressors, iicondensers, izomisi zokugcina ulwelo, iivalvu zokwandisa, ii-evaporators kunye nezivuthela. Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 1, amacandelo axhunywe ngobhedu (okanye i-aluminium) kunye neebhubhu zerubha ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukwenza inkqubo evaliweyo. Xa inkqubo ebandayo isebenza, amazwe ahlukeneyo ememori yefriji ajikeleza kule nkqubo evaliweyo, kwaye umjikelo ngamnye uneenkqubo ezine ezisisiseko:
(1) Inkqubo yoxinzelelo: i-compressor ikhupha igesi yefriji kwi-outlet ye-evaporator kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye icinezele kwi-high-temperature kunye ne-high-pressure yokususwa kwegesi.
(2) Inkqubo yokukhululwa kobushushu: i-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-pressure-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-high-heat refrigerant gas ingena kwi<em>condenser, kwaye i-gas ye-refrigerant ifakwe kwi-liquid ngenxa yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, kwaye ubushushu obuninzi buyakhululwa.
(3) inkqubo ye-throttling: Emva kokuba ulwelo lwefriji kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo ludlula kwisixhobo sokwandisa, umthamo uba mkhulu, uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu buhla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isixhobo sokwandisa sipheliswe kwinkungu (amathontsi amancinci).
4 Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuphuphuma, ubushushu obuninzi bufunxwa ngeenxa zonke, kwaye ke iqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-refrigerant steam lungena kwi-compressor.
2 Umgaqo wokusebenza wokuvuthela
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuvuthela emotweni kukuvuthela kwe-centrifugal, kwaye umgaqo osebenzayo we-centrifugal blower ufana nowomoya we-centrifugal, ngaphandle kokuba inkqubo yoxinzelelo lomoya idla ngokuqhutywa phantsi kwesenzo samandla e-centrifugal ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi emininzi. impellers (okanye izigaba eziliqela). I-blower ine-rotor ejikelezayo ejikelezayo, kwaye i-blade kwi-rotor iqhubela umoya ukuba uhambe ngesantya esiphezulu. I-centrifugal force yenza ukuba umoya uhambe uye kwi-outlet yefeni ecaleni komgca we-involute kwimilo ye-involute ye-casing, kwaye ukuhamba komoya okuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu kunoxinzelelo oluthile lomoya. Umoya omtsha uzaliswa kumbindi wendlu.
Ukuthetha ngokwethiyori, ijika loxinzelelo lokuhamba kwegophe le-centrifugal ngumgca othe tye, kodwa ngenxa yokumelana nokukhuhlana kunye nenye ilahleko ngaphakathi kwefeni, olona xinzelelo kunye negophe lophawu lokuhamba liyehla ngobunono ngokunyuka komyinge wokuhamba, kwaye ijika lokuhamba kwamandla elihambelanayo le-fan ye-centrifugal liyenyuka ngokunyuka kwesantya sokuhamba. Xa ifeni isebenza ngesantya esingaguqukiyo, indawo yokusebenza yefeni iya kuhamba ecaleni kwegophe leempawu zoxinzelelo. Imeko yokusebenza yefeni ngexesha lokusebenza ayixhomekanga kuphela ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa nakwiimpawu zenkqubo. Xa uxhathiso womnatha wombhobho lukhula, igophe lokusebenza kombhobho liya kuba ngumnqantsa. Umgaqo osisiseko wokulawulwa kwabalandeli kukufumana iimeko zokusebenza ezifunekayo ngokutshintsha i-curve yokusebenza ye-fan ngokwayo okanye i-curve yempawu yomnatha wombhobho wangaphandle. Ke ngoko, ezinye iinkqubo ezikrelekrele zifakwe kwimoto ukunceda imoto isebenze ngokuqhelekileyo xa iqhuba ngesantya esiphantsi, isantya esiphakathi kunye nesantya esiphezulu.
Umgaqo wokulawula i-blower
2.1 Ulawulo oluzenzekelayo
Xa ukutshintshela "okuzenzekelayo" kwebhodi yokulawula umoya ucinezelekile, ikhompyutha yomoya yomoya ilungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo isantya sokuvuthela ngokuhambelana nobushushu bomoya obufunekayo.
Xa isalathiso sokuhamba komoya sikhethwe "kubuso" okanye "kwicala lokuhamba kabini", kwaye i-blower ikwimo yesantya esisezantsi, isantya sokuvuthela siya kutshintsha ngokwamandla elanga ngaphakathi komda womda.
(1) Ukusebenza kokulawulwa kwesantya esiphantsi
Ngexesha lolawulo lwesantya esisezantsi, ikhompyuter yomoya-moya iyawuqhawula amandla ombane wesiseko se-triode yamandla, kwaye i-triode yamandla kunye ne-ultra-high speed relay nazo ziyaqhawulwa. Umsinga uqukuqela ukusuka kwinjini yokuvuthela ukuya kuxhathiso lokuvuthela, kwaye emva koko uthatha intsimbi ukwenza injini ibaleke ngesantya esiphantsi.
Ikhompyuter ye-air conditioning inala macandelo alandelayo asi-7: ibhetri e-1, i-2 i-ignition switch, i-3 heater relay, i-motor blower, i-5 resistor blower, i-6 transistor yamandla, i-7 yecingo ye-fuse yokushisa, i-computer ye-air conditioning eyi-8, i-9 ye-speed relay.
(2) Ukusebenza kolawulo lwesantya esiphakathi
Ngexesha lokulawula isantya esiphakathi, i-triode yamandla ihlanganisa i-fuse yeqondo lokushisa, ekhusela i-triode kumonakalo ogqithiseleyo. Ikhompyuter ye-air conditioning itshintsha isiseko sangoku se-triode yamandla ngokuguqula isignali ye-blower drive ukufezekisa injongo yokulawula i-wireless yesantya semoto yokuvuthela.
3) Ukusebenza kolawulo olukhawulezayo
Ngexesha lokulawula isantya esiphezulu, ikhomputha yomoya womoya ikhupha umbane wesiseko se-triode yamandla, isinxibelelanisi saso esinguNombolo 40 sentsimbi, kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokuhanjiswa, kwaye umsinga osuka kwimotor yokuvuthela uhamba ngesantya esiphezulu. i-relay, kwaye emva koko ukuya kwintsimbi yokubopha, ukwenza i-motor ijikeleze ngesantya esiphezulu.
2.2 Ukufudumeza kwangaphambili
Kwimeko yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo, inzwa yokushisa ehleliweyo kwindawo engezantsi ye-heater core ibona ukushisa kwe-coolant kwaye yenza ulawulo lwangaphambili. Xa ubushushu besipholisi bungaphantsi kwe-40 ° C kwaye utshintsho oluzenzekelayo luvuliwe, ikhompyutha ye-air conditioning ivala isivuthelo ukunqanda ukukhupha umoya obandayo. Ngokuchasene noko, xa iqondo lokushisa elipholileyo lingaphezulu kwe-40 ° C, ikhompyutha ye-air conditioning iqala ukuvuthela kwaye iyenze ijikeleze ngesantya esiphantsi. Ukususela ngoko, isantya sokuvuthela silawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuhambelana nokuhamba komoya obaliweyo kunye nobushushu bomoya obufunekayo.
Ulawulo lokufudumeza kwangaphambili oluchazwe ngasentla lukho kuphela xa ukuhamba komoya kukhethwe kwicala "ezantsi" okanye "lokuhamba kabini".
2.3 Ukulawula ukuhamba komoya okulibazisekileyo (ukwenzela ukupholisa kuphela)
Ulawulo lokuhamba komoya olulibazisekileyo lusekwe kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphakathi kwindawo epholileyo efunyenwe sisivamvo sobushushu be-evaporator. ukulibazisa
Ulawulo lokuhamba komoya lunokuthintela ukukhutshwa komoya oshushu ngengozi kwi-air conditioner. Lo msebenzi wokulawula ukulibaziseka wenziwa kanye kuphela xa injini iqaliswa kwaye le miqathango ilandelayo idibene : I-1 compressor operation; Vula i-2 yokulawula i-blower kwi-"othomathikhi" yesimo (i-automatic switch on); 3 Ukulawula ukuhamba komoya kwimeko "yobuso"; Lungisa ku "Face" ngokusebenzisa iswitshi yobuso, okanye usete "ubuso" kulawulo oluzenzekelayo; 4 Iqondo lobushushu ngaphakathi kwepholile lingaphezulu kwe 30℃
Ukusebenza kokulawula ukuhamba komoya kulibaziseke ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Naxa zonke ezi meko zine zingentla zihlangatyezwane nenjini sele iqalisiwe, injini yokuvuthela ayinakuqalwa ngoko nangoko. Imoto yokuvuthela inomahluko we-4, kodwa icompressor kufuneka ivulwe, kwaye injini kufuneka iqalwe, kwaye igesi yefriji kufuneka isetyenziswe ukupholisa i-evaporator. I-4s ye-back blower motor iqala, isebenza ngesantya esiphantsi kwixesha lokuqala le-5s, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe iqhubela phambili kwisantya esiphezulu kwixesha le-6 yokugqibela. Lo msebenzi uthintela ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza komoya oshushu kwi-vent, nto leyo enokubangela ukuphazamiseka.
Amagqabantshintshi okuvala
Inkqubo yomoya elawulwa yikhompyuter egqibeleleyo iyakwazi ukulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo ubushushu, ukufuma, ukucoceka, isimo sengqondo kunye nokungena komoya emotweni, kwaye yenze umoya osemotweni uhambe ngesantya esithile kunye nomkhombandlela wokubonelela ngemeko elungileyo yokuqhuba. abakhweli, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba abakhweli bakwimo epholileyo yomoya phantsi kweemozulu neemeko ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle. Inokuthintela iglasi yefestile kwiqhwa, ukwenzela ukuba umqhubi akwazi ukugcina umbono ocacileyo, kwaye anike isiqinisekiso esisisiseko sokuqhuba ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi, qhubeka ufunda amanye amanqaku kule ndawo!
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