Umgaqo wokufutha umoya opholileyo kwiimoto
Isishwankathelo: Inkqubo yomoya opholileyo wemoto sisixhobo sokwenza umoya opholileyo, ofudumezayo, otshintshiselwano lomoya kunye nokucoca umoya okwinqwelo. Ingabonelela ngendawo yokuqhuba ekhululekileyo kubakhweli, inciphise amandla okudinwa kwabaqhubi, kwaye iphucule ukhuseleko lokuqhuba. Izixhobo zomoya opholileyo ziye zaba yenye yeempawu zokulinganisa ukuba imoto igqityiwe na. Inkqubo yomoya opholileyo wemoto yenziwe ngecompressor, i-air conditioner blower, i-condenser, i-liquid storage dryer, i-expansion valve, i-evaporator kunye ne-blower, njl. Eli phepha lizisa ngokuyintloko umgaqo we-automobile air conditioner blower.
Ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokuphuculwa kweemfuno zabantu kwindawo yokuqhuba, iimoto ezininzi zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zomoya opholileyo. Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2000, ama-78% eemoto ezithengisiweyo eMelika naseKhanada zixhotyiswe nge-air conditioner, kwaye ngoku kuqikelelwa ukuba ubuncinci ama-90% eemoto zinomoya opholileyo, ukongeza ekuziseni indawo yokuqhuba ekhululekileyo ebantwini. Njengomsebenzisi wemoto, umfundi kufuneka aqonde umgaqo wayo, ukuze iimeko zongxamiseko zisombululwe ngempumelelo nangokukhawuleza.
1. Umgaqo wokusebenza kwenkqubo yokufrijisa iimoto
Umgaqo osebenzayo wenkqubo yokuqandisa umoya wemoto
1, umgaqo wokusebenza kwenkqubo yokufrijisa umoya wemoto
Umjikelo wenkqubo yokuphola umoya wemoto uneenkqubo ezine: ukucinezela, ukukhupha ubushushu, ukuqhobosha kunye nokufunxwa kobushushu.
(1) Inkqubo yokucinezela: i-compressor iphefumla igesi efrijini ebushushu obuphantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi kwindawo yokuphuma ye-evaporator, iyicinezele ibe yigesi ebushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ize emva koko iyithumele kwi-condenser. Umsebenzi ophambili wale nkqubo kukucinezela nokufaka uxinzelelo kwigesi ukuze kube lula ukuyinyibilikisa. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucinezela, imeko ye-refrigerant ayitshintshi, kwaye ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo ziyaqhubeka nokunyuka, zenze igesi eshushu kakhulu.
(2) Inkqubo yokukhupha ubushushu: igesi yefriji eshushu kakhulu enobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu ingena kwi-condenser (i-radiator) ukuze itshintshise ubushushu nomoya. Ngenxa yokuncipha koxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, igesi yefriji ijika ibe lulwelo kwaye ikhuphe ubushushu obuninzi. Umsebenzi wale nkqubo kukukhupha ubushushu kunye nobushushu. Inkqubo yokufudumala ibonakala ngotshintsho kwimeko yefriji, oko kukuthi, phantsi kwemeko yoxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kunye nobushushu, itshintsha kancinci ukusuka kwigesi ukuya kulwelo. Ulwelo lwefriji emva kokufudumala luxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. Ulwelo lwefriji luyaphola kakhulu, kwaye okukhona inqanaba lokupholisa kakhulu liphezulu, kokukhona amandla okufuma akhula kakhulu ukufunxa ubushushu ngexesha lenkqubo yokufudumala, kwaye kokukhona isiphumo sefriji singcono, oko kukuthi, ukwanda okuhambelanayo kwimveliso ebandayo.
(3) Inkqubo yokuqhobosha: ulwelo olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nolwelo olunobushushu obuphezulu luqhoboshwa ngevalvu yokwandisa ukuze kuncitshiswe ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye isixhobo sokwandisa sisuswa kwinkungu (amathontsi amancinci). Indima yale nkqubo kukupholisa ifriji kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukusuka kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nolwelo olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya kulwelo olunoxinzelelo oluphantsi, ukuze kube lula ukufunxwa kobushushu, ukulawula amandla okuqhobosha kunye nokugcina ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yokuqhobosha.
4) Inkqubo yokufunxa ubushushu: ulwelo lwe-refrigerant oluphuma kwi-mist emva kokuba lupholile kwaye lucinezelwe yi-expansion valve lungena kwi-evaporator, ngoko ke iqondo lokubila le-refrigerant liphantsi kakhulu kunobushushu obungaphakathi kwi-evaporator, ngoko ke ulwelo lwe-refrigerant luyaphuma kwi-evaporator luze lubile lube yigesi. Kwinkqubo yokufunxa ubushushu obuninzi, yehlisa ubushushu ngaphakathi emotweni. Emva koko igesi ye-refrigerant ephuma kwi-evaporator ilinde ukuba i-compressor iphefumle kwakhona. Inkqubo ye-endothermic ibonakaliswa yimeko ye-refrigerant etshintsha ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwi-gaseous, kwaye uxinzelelo alutshintshi ngeli xesha, oko kukuthi, utshintsho lwale meko lwenziwa ngexesha lenkqubo yoxinzelelo oluqhubekayo.
2, inkqubo yokuphola umoya wemoto ngokubanzi yenziwe ziicompressor, iicondenser, izomisi zokugcina ulwelo, ii-expansion valves, ii-evaporators kunye nee-blowers. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1, ezi zixhobo ziqhagamshelwe yi-copper (okanye i-aluminium) kunye neetyhubhu zerabha ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukwenza inkqubo evaliweyo. Xa inkqubo ebandayo isebenza, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zememori yokuphola ziyajikeleza kule nkqubo ivaliweyo, kwaye umjikelo ngamnye uneenkqubo ezine ezisisiseko:
(1) Inkqubo yokucinezela: icompressor iphefumla igesi efrijini kwindawo yokuphuma ye-evaporator kubushushu obuphantsi kunye noxinzelelo, ize iyicinezele ibe yicompressor yokususa igesi enobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.
(2) Inkqubo yokukhupha ubushushu: igesi yefriji eshushu kakhulu enobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu ingena kwi-condenser, kwaye igesi yefriji inyibilika ibe lulwelo ngenxa yokuncipha koxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, kwaye ubushushu obuninzi buyakhutshwa.
(3) inkqubo yokufutha: Emva kokuba ulwelo olubandayo olunobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo ludlule kwisixhobo sokwandisa, umthamo uba mkhulu, uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu buyehla kakhulu, kwaye isixhobo sokwandisa sisuswa kwinkungu (amathontsi amancinci).
(4) Inkqubo yokufunxa ubushushu: ulwelo lwe-refrigerant oluyinkukuma lungena kwi-evaporator, ngoko ke iqondo lokubila le-refrigerant liphantsi kakhulu kunobushushu obungaphakathi kwi-evaporator, ngoko ke ulwelo lwe-refrigerant luyaphuma lube yigesi. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokufunxa, ubushushu obuninzi buyafunxwa, uze emva koko ubushushu obuphantsi kunye nomphunga we-refrigerant ophantsi ungene kwi-compressor.
2 Umgaqo wokusebenza we-blower
Ngokwesiqhelo, i-blower emotweni yi-centrifugal blower, kwaye umgaqo wokusebenza we-centrifugal blower ufana nowe-centrifugal fan, ngaphandle kokuba inkqubo yokucinezela umoya idla ngokwenziwa phantsi kwesenzo samandla e-centrifugal ngokusebenzisa ii-impellers ezisebenzayo ezininzi (okanye amanqanaba aliqela). I-blower ine-rotor ejikelezayo ngesantya esiphezulu, kwaye i-blade kwi-rotor iqhuba umoya ukuba uhambe ngesantya esiphezulu. Amandla e-centrifugal enza ukuba umoya uhambe uye kwindawo yokukhupha ifeni ecaleni komgca we-involute kwimo ye-involute ye-casing, kwaye ukuhamba komoya ngesantya esiphezulu kunoxinzelelo oluthile lomoya. Umoya omtsha uzaliswa embindini wendlu.
Ngokwethiyori, igophe elibonisa ukuhamba koxinzelelo lwe-centrifugal blower lithe tye, kodwa ngenxa yokumelana nokungqubana kunye nezinye iilahleko ngaphakathi kwifeni, igophe elibonisa ukuhamba koxinzelelo kunye nokuhamba koxinzelelo liyancipha kancinci ngokunyuka kwesantya sokuhamba, kwaye igophe elihambelanayo lokuhamba kwamandla kwefeni ye-centrifugal linyuka ngokunyuka kwesantya sokuhamba. Xa ifeni isebenza ngesantya esingaguqukiyo, indawo yokusebenza yefeni iya kuhamba ngegophe elibonisa ukuhamba koxinzelelo. Imeko yokusebenza yefeni ngexesha lokusebenza ayixhomekekanga kuphela ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa nakwiimpawu zenkqubo. Xa ukumelana kwenethiwekhi yepayipi kusanda, igophe elibonisa ukusebenza kwepayipi liya kuba liqina ngakumbi. Umgaqo osisiseko wolawulo lwefeni kukufumana iimeko zokusebenza ezifunekayo ngokutshintsha igophe elibonisa ukusebenza kwefeni ngokwayo okanye igophe elibonisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi yepayipi yangaphandle. Ke ngoko, ezinye iinkqubo ezikrelekrele zifakelwe emotweni ukunceda imoto isebenze ngokuqhelekileyo xa iqhuba ngesantya esiphantsi, isantya esiphakathi kunye nesantya esiphezulu.
Umgaqo wolawulo lwe-Blower
2.1 Ulawulo oluzenzekelayo
Xa iswitshi "ezenzekelayo" yebhodi yokulawula umoya opholileyo icinezelwe, ikhompyutha yomoya opholileyo ilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo isantya somoya ovuthuzayo ngokweqondo lobushushu lomoya elifunekayo.
Xa ulwalathiso lokuhamba komoya lukhethiwe "ebusweni" okanye "ekuhambeni kabini", kwaye umtshizi ukwimeko yesantya esiphantsi, isantya sokutshaya siya kutshintsha ngokwemandla elanga ngaphakathi koluhlu olumiselweyo.
(1) Ukusebenza kolawulo olukhawulezayo
Ngexesha lokulawula isantya esiphantsi, ikhompyutha ekhupha umoya opholileyo iyawuqhawula umbane osisiseko we-power triode, kwaye i-power triode kunye ne-ultra-high speed relay nazo ziyaqhawulwa. Umbane uphuma kwi-blower motor uye kwi-blower resistance, uze emva koko uthathe i-iron ukuze iqhube imoto ngesantya esiphantsi.
Ikhompyutha ekhupha umoya opholileyo inala macandelo asixhenxe alandelayo: ibhetri e-1, iswitshi yokutshaya ezimbini, ireyi yeheater ezi-3, i-blower motor, i-blower resistor ezi-5, i-transistor yamandla ezi-6, i-fuse wire yobushushu ezi-7, ikhompyutha ekhupha umoya opholileyo ezi-8, ireyishini yesantya esiphezulu ezi-9.
(2) Ukusebenza kolawulo lwesantya esiphakathi
Ngexesha lolawulo lwesantya esiphakathi, i-power triode idibanisa i-fuse yobushushu, ekhusela i-triode kumonakalo ogqithisileyo. Ikhompyutha yomoya opholileyo itshintsha isiseko samandla e-power triode ngokutshintsha isignali ye-blower drive ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yolawulo olungenazingcingo lwesantya se-blower motor.
3) Ukusebenza kolawulo olukhawulezayo
Ngexesha lolawulo olukhawulezayo, ikhompyutha yomoya opholileyo iyawuqhawula umbane osisiseko we-power triode, i-connector yayo enguNombolo 40 tie iron, kwaye i-high-speed relay iyavulwa, kwaye umbane ovela kwi-blower motor udlula kwi-high-speed relay, uze uye kwi-tie iron, nto leyo eyenza i-motor ijikeleze ngesantya esiphezulu.
2.2 Ukufudumeza
Kwimeko yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo, isenzi sobushushu esifakwe kwinxalenye esezantsi ye-heater core sibona ubushushu be-coolant kwaye senza ulawulo lokufudumeza kwangaphambili. Xa ubushushu be-coolant bungaphantsi kwama-40°C kwaye iswitshi ezenzekelayo ivuliwe, ikhompyutha ye-air conditioner iyayivala i-blower ukuthintela ukuba umoya obandayo ungaphumi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa ubushushu be-coolant bungaphezulu kwama-40°C, ikhompyutha ye-air conditioner iqala i-blower kwaye iyenze ijikeleze ngesantya esiphantsi. Ukususela ngoko, isantya se-blower silawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokwendlela ebalwe ngayo ukuhamba komoya kunye nobushushu bomoya obufunekayo.
Ulawulo lokufudumeza kwangaphambili oluchazwe apha ngasentla lukhona kuphela xa ukuhamba komoya kukhethwe kwicala "elisezantsi" okanye "elihamba kabini".
2.3 Ulawulo lokuhamba komoya olulibazisekileyo (lokupholisa kuphela)
Ulawulo lokuhamba komoya olulibazisekileyo lusekelwe kubushushu obungaphakathi kwi-cooler obufunyenwe yi-sensor yobushushu be-evaporator.
Ulawulo lokuhamba komoya lunokuthintela ukukhutshwa komoya oshushu ngengozi kwi-air conditioner. Olu lawulo lokulibaziseka lwenziwa kube kanye kuphela xa injini iqalisiwe kwaye le miqathango ilandelayo ifezekiswa: 1 ukusebenza kwe-compressor; Jika ulawulo lokufutha olu-2 kwimeko "ezenzekelayo" (ukuvula ngokuzenzekelayo); 3 Ulawulo lokuhamba komoya kwimeko "ejongeneyo"; Lungisa kwi "Face" ngeswitshi yobuso, okanye usete kwi "face" kulawulo oluzenzekelayo; 4 Ubushushu obungaphakathi kwi-cooler bungaphezulu kwama-30℃
Ukusebenza kolawulo lokuhamba komoya olulibazisekileyo kulandelayo:
Nokuba zonke ezi meko zine zingasentla zifezekisiwe kwaye injini sele iqalisiwe, i-blower motor ayinakuqalwa ngoko nangoko. I-blower motor inomahluko we-4s, kodwa i-compressor kufuneka ivulwe, kwaye injini kufuneka iqalwe, kwaye igesi yefriji kufuneka isetyenziswe ukupholisa i-evaporator. I-back blower motor ye-4s iyaqala, isebenza ngesantya esiphantsi kwixesha le-5s zokuqala, kwaye ikhawuleza kancinci ukuya kwisantya esiphezulu kwixesha le-6s zokugqibela. Olu sebenzi luthintela ukukhutshwa ngequbuliso komoya oshushu ovela kwi-vent, okunokubangela ukushukuma.
Amagqabaza okuvala
Inkqubo yomoya opholileyo elawulwa yikhompyutha yemoto inokukwazi ukulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo ubushushu, ukufuma, ucoceko, ukuziphatha kunye nokuphefumla komoya emotweni, kwaye yenze umoya emotweni uhambe ngesantya esithile kunye necala elithile ukuze kubonelelwe ngendawo yokuqhuba elungileyo kubakhweli, kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba abakhweli bakwindawo yomoya okhululekileyo phantsi kwemozulu neemeko ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle. Ingathintela iglasi yefestile ekuqandeni, ukuze umqhubi akwazi ukugcina umbono ocacileyo, kwaye anike isiqinisekiso esisisiseko sokuqhuba ngokukhuselekileyo.
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