Intsingiselo yenkcubeko yeQingming Festival kunye nemvelaphi yonqulo lwenyanga kaMatshi ezintathu
Intsingiselo yenkcubeko yeQingming Festival
“UMnyhadala weQingming ngomnye weminyhadala yesintu ebaluleke kakhulu eTshayina. Asingomnyhadala nje kuphela wokuba abantu bazukise ookhokho babo baze bakhumbule ookhokho babo, kodwa ukwangumanyano kwisizwe saseTshayina lokuchonga ookhokho babo, kunye nomsitho wasentwasahlobo wokuhamba intaba, ukusondela kwindalo nokukhuthaza ubomi obutsha.” Ugqirha weentsomi ze-Chinese Academy of Social Sciences uShi Aidong uthe. Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yeMnyhadala weQingming, amasiko okubingelela, ukuphuma kunye namanye amasiko avela kakhulu kwiMnyhadala weCold Food kunye noMnyhadala weShangsi. UMnyhadala weCold Food unxulumene nokuqonda kwabantu bamandulo ngendalo. ETshayina, ukuzalwa kwakhona komlilo omtsha emva kokutya okubandayo ngumsitho wenguqu wokuvalelisa kokudala nokungenisa okutsha, ukutyhila ulwazi lotshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka, olufanekisela ukuqala kwexesha elitsha, ithemba elitsha, ubomi obutsha kunye nomjikelo omtsha. Kamva, inentsingiselo "yombulelo", kwaye igxininisa ngakumbi kwinkumbulo kunye nombulelo "ngexesha elidlulileyo".
Ukutya okubandayo akuvumelekanga umlilo, ukutya okubandayo, idini lengcwaba, iQingming ithatha uhambo olutsha lomlilo. Ngaphambi koBukhosi baseTang, ukutya okubandayo kunye neQingming yayiyimibhiyozo emibini elandelelanayo enemixholo eyahlukeneyo. Eyokuqala yayikukulila abafileyo ngelixa eyesibini yayikukufuna unyango olutsha lwabafundi. I-Yin kunye neYang, ubomi bomphefumlo, ezi zimbini zinolwalamano olusondeleyo. Ukuthintela umlilo kukuvelisa umlilo, ukunikela ngokufa kukusindisa ubomi, olu lulwalamano lwangaphakathi lwenkcubeko phakathi kokutya okubandayo kunye neQingming. Ngexesha lolawulo loMlawuli uXuanzong woBukhosi baseTang, inkundla yasebukhosini yamisela isiko lokutshayelwa kwamangcwaba ngendlela yemithetho karhulumente kwiCold Food Festival ngaphambi koMthendeleko weQingming. Ngenxa yokuba ukutya okubandayo kunye noMthendeleko weQingming zazinxulumene kakhulu ngexesha, isiko leCold Food Festival lalinxulunyaniswa noMthendeleko weQingming kwangethuba kakhulu, kwaye ukutshayelwa kwamangcwaba kwandiswe ukusuka ekutyeni okubandayo ukuya kwiQingming Festival.
Emva kokungena kwiNgoma yoBukhosi, iQingming nokutya okubandayo kwadibana kancinci kancinci, kwaye iQingming yathatha isiko lokubingelela kwiCold Food Festival phantsi kwegama layo. Kwangaxeshanye, amasiko omnyhadala we "Shangsi spring" nawo adityaniswe kwiQingming Festival. Emva kweMing neQing Dynasties, iShangsi Festival yarhoxa kwinkqubo yomnyhadala, kwaye iCold Food Festival yaphela. Intwasahlobo yaphela iQingming Festival enye kuphela.
“UMnyhadala weQingming ludibaniso kunye nokuhlanganiswa phantse kwayo yonke iminyhadala yasentwasahlobo, kwaye isiko leQingming Festival linentsingiselo etyebileyo yenkcubeko.” UShi Aidong utshilo. Ngokungafaniyo neminye iminyhadala yendabuko, uMnyhadala weQingming ngumthendeleko obanzi odibanisa “amagama elanga” kunye “namasiko omnyhadala”. I-Qingming evela kwigama lelanga ikwixesha lasentwasahlobo emva kokuba, ngeli xesha imozulu ifudumala, igcwele amandla, abantu benyuka intaba, kufutshane nendalo, kunokuthiwa ihambelana nosuku, inceda ukufunxa igesi yendalo ecocekileyo yaseYang, isasaze umkhuhlane kunye nokudakumba, ilungele impilo yomzimba nengqondo.
Ukususela kwiDynasty yaseTang, ukutya okubandayo kunye neQingming zazilingana ngeholide, kwaye izihloko ezahlukeneyo zonyaka zazineentsuku ezine ukuya kwezisixhenxe zokuphumla ngokulandelelana. I-Song Dynasty yayilixesha apho ubomi babusiya busiba buninzi ngakumbi ezidolophini kwaye amasiko esintu ayephuhliswa esiya kulonwabo. Ukuze abantu bavumele abantu ukuba batshayele amangcwaba baze baphume baye eQingming, kuchazwe ngokukodwa ukuba iTaixue ineentsuku ezintathu zokuphumla kwaye ubugcisa bokulwa bunosuku olunye lokuphumla. "Imephu yoMlambo iQingming" ibonisa umfanekiso weQingming ochumileyo ngelo xesha.
Ukuhluza nokuphuma engcwabeni, ekuqaleni kudibene imixholo emibini eyahlukeneyo yenkcubeko, emva kokuba iSigodlo seNgoma sidibene kancinci kancinci, kwaye siyaqhubeka sinikwa ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko okuhle. Abantu banxulumanisa ngokuthe ngqo unqulo lwezinyanya nobuntu besizwe saseTshayina, obugxininisa kakhulu kunqulo lwabazali nokulandelela ngononophelo ixesha elidlulileyo, kwaye bacinga ukuba amasiko eQingming Festival abonakalisa ukuqonda kokuziphatha kwabantu baseTshayina ukuba babe nombulelo kwaye bangazilibali iingcambu zabo. Ukubaluleka kwayo kwenkcubeko kufana noSuku lokuBonga lwaseNtshona. Kukho ubudlelwane obunzulu phakathi kwemisebenzi yokunqula izinyanya kunye nenkcubeko yonqulo lwabazali egxile kakhulu kwinkcubeko yaseTshayina, kwaye le nkcubeko yintsika yophuhliso oluhambelanayo noluzinzileyo loluntu lwaseTshayina kangangeminyaka engamawaka, olunceda ekusekeni ubudlelwane obuhambelanayo phakathi kwezizukulwana zakudala kunye nezangoku, abandulelayo kunye nenzala, kwaye lukhuthaza ngakumbi ubudlelwane obuhambelanayo phakathi komntu nomntu, umntu kunye nendalo. Esi sikwasisiseko sabantu beQingming Festival enamandla aqinileyo.
UShi Aidong wazisa ukuba ngophuhliso lwamandla avelisayo kunye nokuguquka kobomi bentlalo, uMnyhadala weQingming ngaphambili wabonakala njengomzila wotshintsho ukusuka kwiminikelo engcwele ukuya kwizolonwabo zehlabathi, kwaye ingcwaba leQingming Festival liye laba lixesha leeholide lokuphuma entwasahlobo. Ngenxa yokuba umngxuma lixesha lentwasahlobo, umngxuma kunye nomngxuma nazo zizithethe ezikhethekileyo kunye nefashoni yeQingming. Ngexesha leRiphabliki yaseTshayina, usuku lokutyala umngxuma lwaba "nguSuku lokuTyala". Nangona kunjalo, nokuba lutshintsha njani na, ukuzila kunye neminikelo zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiQingming yaseTshayina.
“Nokuba ivela kwimvelaphi okanye kwinguquko yayo, singashwankathela iintsingiselo ezimbini ezifuziselayo zoMnyhadala weQingming, enye 'yisikhumbuzo soMbulelo' kwaye enye 'ikhuthaza abafundi abatsha'.”
Imvelaphi yokunqula ookhokho ngomhla wesithathu wenyanga yesithathu
UDing Haishi umsitho wokunqula idolophu yakowabo woMbusi oMthubi nge-19 ka-Epreli (usuku lwesithathu lwenyanga yesithathu) kwidolophu yakowabo uXuanyuan Huangdi – iXinzheng City, kwiPhondo laseHenan.
Umlawuli wekomiti yokuququzelela umsitho weBaizu, usekela-mongameli we-Chinese Yanhuang Cultural Research Association, uSihlalo we-CPPCC wePhondo laseHenan uWang Shu uthe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo bekukho isaci esithi "ngoMatshi 3, wazalwa uXuanyuan". Unqulo lweXuanyuan Yellow Emperor, ngumsitho wemveli wesizwe saseTshayina. Okokuqala kubonakala kwizixhobo zembali, xa ixesha leNtwasahlobo neloKwindla. Emva koBukhosi baseTang, kancinci kancinci yaba ngummiselo, oqhubeka usiya kuthi ga ngoku.
Ngokweengxelo zembali, iXinzheng City kwiPhondo laseHenan yayibizwa ngokuba yiLizwe leeBhere ngexesha loMlawuli oMthubi. Kukho iintsalela zenkcubeko ezingaphezu kwama-20 zoMlawuli oMthubi, kwaye yindawo apho uMlawuli oMthubi wazalelwa khona, waqala ishishini lakhe waza waseka ikomkhulu lakhe. UXuanyuan Huangdi kule ndawo wamajoni aseXiude zhen, wathomalalisa abantu, isidanga sesine, uMlawuli waseRong Yan wahlanganisa ihlabathi.
Izizukulwana ezizayo ukuze zikhumbule amalungelo oMlawuli oMthubi, minyaka le ngomhla wesithathu kaMatshi kwidolophu yakowabo uMlawuli oMthubi ukubamba imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokunqula ookhokho, ingakumbi kwiXesha leNtwasahlobo neloKwindla, igama lelizwe laseZheng kukuqhubela phambili lo msebenzi wesintu, ukunyuka kwentaba yesithathu kaMatshi (ekwiSixeko saseXinzheng, umsebenzi woMlawuli oMthubi) kunqula imisebenzi yoMlawuli oMthubi uXuanyuan, kwaye ukwakhiwa kweentsomi kwaqhubeka.
UWang Liqun, uprofesa kwiYunivesithi yaseHenan, uthe ukongeza kwinto yokuba uMlawuli oMthubi wayejongwa njengophawu lwenkcubeko kwixesha lempucuko, kukho nenye into ebalulekileyo: uMlawuli oMthubi wayengukhokho wesizwe saseTshayina.
Ngokutsho kwekomiti eququzelelayo yoMnyhadala woNqulo lweZinyanya wedolophu yaseDinghai eDinghai Year of Henan Province, imisebenzi emikhulu yokunqula izinyanya eXinzheng City, idolophu yaseYellow King, yaqala ngo-1992, yaza kamva yaguqukela kwiYanhuang Culture Festival, ebibanjwe izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwe-10. Kwikhalenda yenyanga kaMatshi 3, 2006, iPhondo laseHenan ngonyaka womsitho wokunqula idolophu yaseYellow King wabanjwa ngempumelelo kwiXinzheng City, unempembelelo enkulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-03-2024