Qingming Festival connotation yenkcubeko kunye nenyanga Matshi ezintathu unqulo izinyanya imvelaphi
Qingming Festival intsingiselo yenkcubeko
“UMnyhadala weQingming ngomnye weyona minyhadala ibalulekileyo eTshayina. Ayingomnyhadala nje wokuba abantu banike imbeko kookhokho babo kwaye baxabise inkumbulo yookhokho babo, kodwa ikwalumanyano lwesizwe samaTshayina ukuchonga ookhokho babo, kunye nomsitho wasentwasahlobo wokuhamba intaba, ukusondela kwindalo kunye nokukhuthaza ubomi obutsha. .” Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ntsokolo ugqirha Shi Aidong uthe. Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yoMnyhadala we-Qingming, amasiko okubingelela, ukuphuma kunye namanye amasiko ikakhulu avela kuMnyhadala woKutya okubandayo kunye noMnyhadala weShangsi. Umnyhadala woKutya okubandayo unxulumene nokuqonda kwabantu bamandulo ngendalo. E-China, ukuzalwa ngokutsha komlilo omtsha emva kokutya okubandayo ngumsitho wenguqu wokuvalelisa kumdala kwaye ungenise entsha, utyhila ulwazi lokutshintsha kwamaxesha onyaka, obonisa ukuqala kwexesha elitsha, ithemba elitsha, ubomi obutsha. kunye nomjikelo omtsha. Kamva, inentsingiselo "yokubonga", kunye nokugxininisa ngakumbi kwimemori kunye nokubulela "kwixesha elidlulileyo".
Ukutya okubandayo okwalelweyo umlilo ukutya okubandayo idini engcwabeni, Qingming ukuthatha entsha umlilo outing. Phambi koLawulo lweTang, ukutya okubandayo kunye neQingming yayiyimithendeleko emibini elandelelanayo enemixholo eyahlukeneyo. Eyangaphambili yayiza kuzilela abangasekhoyo ngoxa lo mva yayizakufuna ukhathalelo olutsha lwabafundi. I-Yin kunye neYang, ubomi bokuphefumula, bobabini banobudlelwane obusondeleyo. Ukuvalwa komlilo kukuvelisa umlilo, ukuncama ukufa kukusindisa ubomi, obu bubudlelwane benkcubeko yangaphakathi phakathi kokutya okubandayo kunye neQingming. Kulawulo luka-Emperor Xuanzong we-Tang Dynasty, inkundla yasebukhosini yalungisa isiko lengcwaba labantu litshayela ngendlela yemithetho karhulumente kuMthendeleko wokuTya okubandayo phambi koMthendeleko weQingming. Ngenxa yokuba ukutya okubandayo kunye noMnyhadala we-Qingming zazinxulunyaniswe ngexesha, isiko loMnyhadala woKutya okubandayo lalinxulunyaniswa noMnyhadala weQingming kwangethuba, kwaye ukutshayela ingcwaba kwandiswa ukusuka ekutyeni okubandayo ukuya kuMnyhadala weQingming.
Emva kokungena kwiNgoma yeNgoma, i-Qingming kunye nokutya okubandayo ngokuthe ngcembe kwadityaniswa kwaba yinto enye, kwaye uQingming wathatha isiko lombingelelo kuMnyhadala woKutya okubandayo phantsi kwegama lawo. Kwangelo xesha, umnyhadala othi “Shangsi spring” umnyhadala udityanisiwe kuMthendeleko weQingming. Emva kweMing kunye neQing Dynasties, umnyhadala weShangsi uye warhoxa kwinkqubo yomnyhadala, kwaye uMnyhadala woKutya okubandayo ufile. Entwasahlobo kuphela uMnyhadala weQingming omnye.
Umnyhadala we-Qingming ludityaniso kunye nokuthotywa kwayo phantse yonke iminyhadala yasentwasahlobo, kwaye isiko le-Qingming Festival linentsingiselo yenkcubeko etyebileyo. Shi Aidong uthe. Ngokungafaniyo neminye imithendeleko yemveli, uMthendeleko we-Qingming ngumthendeleko obanzi odibanisa "amagama elanga" kunye "namasiko omthendeleko". I-Qingming ukusuka kwixesha lelanga likwi-equinox yasentwasahlobo emva, ngeli xesha ukufudumala kwemozulu, egcwele amandla, abantu abahambahambayo, kufuphi nendalo, kunokuthiwa bathobele usuku, ukunceda ukufunxa igesi yendalo ecocekileyo yeYang, ukusabalalisa ukubanda kunye nokudakumba, kulungile kwimpilo yomzimba nengqondo.
Ukuqala kwi-Tang Dynasty, ukutya okubandayo kunye ne-Qingming kwakubotshelelwe iholide, kwaye izihloko zonyaka ezahlukeneyo zineentsuku ezine ukuya kwezisixhenxe ngokulandelelanayo. Ubukhosi beNgoma yayilixesha apho ubomi babusiya busiba buninzi ezidolophini kwaye amasiko esintu ayephuhla ekuzonwabiseni. Ukuvumela abantu ukuba batshayele amangcwaba kwaye baphume baye eQingming, kumiselwe ngokukodwa ukuba iTaixue ineentsuku ezintathu zokuphumla kwaye ubugcisa bokulwa bunosuku olunye lokuphumla. "Imephu yoMlambo iQingming" ibonisa umfanekiso ophumelelayo weQingming ngelo xesha.
Ukutshayela ingcwaba kunye nokuphuma, ekuqaleni imixholo emibini eyahlukeneyo yenkcubeko, emva koBukhosi beNgoma budityaniswe kancinci, kwaye baqhubeke nokunikwa ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko elungileyo. Abantu banxulumanisa ngokuthe ngqo ukunqulwa kwezinyanya kumlinganiswa wesizwe wesizwe samaTshayina, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhloneleni kwabantwana kunye nokulandelela ngocoselelo ixesha eladlulayo, kwaye bacinga ukuba amasiko oMthendeleko weQingming abonisa ukuqonda kwabantu baseTshayina ukuba babe nombulelo kwaye bangalibali. iingcambu zabo. Ukubaluleka kwayo kwenkcubeko kufana noMhla wokuBonga waseNtshona. Kukho ubudlelwane obunzulu phakathi kwemisebenzi yokunqula izinyanya kunye nenkcubeko yokuhlonela usapho oluzinze ngokunzulu kwinkcubeko yamaTshayina, kwaye le nkcubeko yintsika yophuhliso oluhambelanayo noluzinzileyo loluntu lwaseTshayina kangangamawaka eminyaka, olunceda ekusekeni umanyano phakathi kwezizukulwana. ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandulo kunye nangoku, abanduleli kunye nenzala, kunye nokukhuthaza ngakumbi ubudlelwane bemvisiswano phakathi komntu nomntu, umntu kunye nendalo. Oku kukwasisiseko soluntu soMnyhadala weQingming onamandla olomeleleyo.
UShi Aidong wazisa ukuba ngophuhliso lwamandla anemveliso kunye nokuvela kobomi bentlalontle, uMthendeleko weQingming ngaphambili wabonakala umkhwa wenguqu ukusuka kwidini elingcwele ukuya kulonwabo lwehlabathi, kwaye ingcwaba lombhiyozo weQingming libe lixesha leholide lokuphuma entwasahlobo. Kuba umngcunube ilixesha lasentwasahlobo, umngcunube kunye nomngcunube zikwangamasiko awodwa kunye nefashoni yaseQingming. Ngexesha leRiphabhlikhi yaseTshayina, usuku lokutyala umngcunube lwakha lwaba “luSuku lokuTyalwa”. Nangona kunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ivela njani, ukuzila kunye nokuzincama zezona ziqulatho zibalulekileyo zeQingming yaseTshayina.
"Nokuba ivela kwimvelaphi okanye kwindaleko, sinokushwankathela iintsingiselo ezimbini zomnyhadala weQingming, enye 'sisikhumbuzo soMbulelo' kwaye enye 'ibongoza abafundi abatsha'."
Imvelaphi yokunqula izinyanya ngosuku lwesithathu lwenyanga yesithathu
UDing Haishi Unyaka woMthendeleko wokunqula kwidolophu yasekhaya nge-19 ka-Epreli (usuku lwesithathu lwenyanga yesithathu) kwidolophu yakuloXuanyuan Huangdi-iSixeko saseXinzheng, kwiPhondo laseHenan.
Umphathi wekomiti eququzelela umthendeleko we-Baizu, usekela-mongameli we-Chinese Yanhuang Cultural Research Association, uSihlalo we-CPPCC yePhondo laseHenan u-Wang Shu uthe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kukho "i-3 kaMatshi, i-Xuanyuan yazalwa" isaga. Nqula i-Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor, ngumsitho wemveli wesizwe saseTshayina. Okokuqala ibonwe kwizinto zembali, xa ixesha leNtwasahlobo nekwindla. Emva kweTang Dynasty, ngokuthe ngcembe yaba ngummiselo, yolulela ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Ngokweerekhodi zembali, isiXeko saseXinzheng kwiPhondo laseHenan sasibizwa ngokuba liLizwe leeBhere ngexesha loMlawuli oMthubi. Zingaphezulu kwama-20 iintsalela zenkcubeko zoMlawuli oMthubi, kwaye yindawo apho uMlawuli oMthubi wazalelwa khona, waqala ishishini lakhe kwaye waseka ikomkhulu lakhe. Xuanyuan Huangdi kule ndawo amajoni Xiude zhen, ukuthomalalisa abantu, isidanga ezine, Rong Yan uMlawuli amanyanise ihlabathi.
Izizukulwana ezilandelayo zikhumbula ukufaneleka koMlawuli oMthubi, minyaka le ngosuku lwesithathu kaMatshi kwidolophu yoMlawuli oMthubi ukubamba imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokunqula izinyanya, ngakumbi ngeXesha laseNtwasahlobo nasekwindla, igama lelizwe likaZheng kukukwenza oko. ukuqhubela phambili lo msebenzi wabantu, ukunyuka kwentaba yesithathu kaMatshi (ekwisiXeko saseXinzheng, i-relic ye-Emperor ye-Yellow Emperor) kunqula iYellow Imisebenzi ka-Emperor Xuanyuan, kunye nokusekwa kweentsomi kwaqhubeka.
Wang Liqun, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseHenan, wathi ukongezelela kwinto yokuba uMlawuli oMthubi wayethathwa njengomfanekiso wenkcubeko kwixesha lempucuko, kukho enye into ebalulekileyo: uMlawuli oMthubi wayengukhokho oqhelekileyo wesizwe saseTshayina.
Ngokutsho kwekomiti eququzelelayo yoMthendeleko wokuNqulwa kweMinyanya kwidolophu yakuloMbusi oMthubi eDinghai kuNyaka wePhondo laseHenan, inkqubo enkulu yonqulo lweminyanya eyayilungelelaniswe kwisiXeko saseXinzheng, idolophu yakuloMbusi Omthubi, yaqala ngowe-1992, yaza kamva yaguqukela ekubeni yinkcubeko yamandulo. I-Yanhuang Culture Festival, ebanjwe ngaphezu kwamaxesha e-10. Kwikhalenda yenyanga kaMatshi 3, 2006, iPhondo laseHenan ngonyaka wonqulo lwedolophu yoMlawuli oMthubi labanjwa ngempumelelo kwisiXeko saseXinzheng, linempembelelo enkulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-03-2024