Ukutshintsha imoto sisifinyezo segama elithi "indlela yokusebenza ye-shift lever", esibhekisa kwinkqubo yokusebenza apho umqhubi etshintsha rhoqo indawo ye-shift lever ngokweemeko zendlela kunye nesantya sesithuthi ngokusebenzisa iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo nezomzimba. Kwinkqubo yokuqhuba ixesha elide, iye yadluliselwa ebantwini ngenxa yegama layo elifutshane nelithe ngqo. Ubuninzi bokusetyenziswa kwayo buphezulu kakhulu. Kwaye indlela esebenza ngayo (ingakumbi imoto yokuhambisa ngesandla) ichaphazela ngqo ukhuseleko lokuqhuba kwabantu.
Indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-"shift lever operation method" inqunyelwe kwi-"shift lever" ngokwayo; ngelixa i-shifting ingabandakanyi nje kuphela "i-shift lever operation method", kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi, ngokwesiseko sokufezekisa injongo (i-shift), kuquka uqikelelo lwesantya sesithuthi, njl. Zonke iinkqubo zokuziphatha zengqondo nezomzimba, kuquka iinkalo.
Iimfuno zobugcisa zokutshintsha igiya zingachazwa ngamagama asibhozo: ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngokuchanekileyo, okuzinzileyo nokukhawulezileyo.
Ngexesha elifanelekileyo: Lazi kakuhle ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshintshela, oko kukuthi, akufanele unyuse igiya kwangethuba kakhulu, kwaye akufanele unciphise igiya kade kakhulu.
Ichanekile: I-clutch pedal, i-accelerator pedal kunye ne-gear lever kufuneka zihambelane ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zilungelelaniswe, kwaye iindawo zazo mazichaneke.
Izinzile: Emva kokutshintsha igiya entsha, yikhulule i-clutch pedal ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangendlela ezinzileyo.
Ngokukhawuleza: Isenzo kufuneka sikhawuleze ukunciphisa ixesha lokutshintsha, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla e-kinetic emoto, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli.
sebenza
ibhloko
(1) Izinto ezibalulekileyo zokongeza ibhloko. Ngaphambi kokuba imoto yonyuse igiya, ngokweemeko zendlela kunye neendlela, nyathela i-accelerator pedal kancinci kancinci kwaye wonyuse isantya semoto kancinci kancinci. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba "kukukhawulezisa imoto". Xa isantya sesithuthi sifanelekile ukutshintshela kwigiya ephezulu, phakamisa i-accelerator pedal ngoko nangoko, nyathela i-clutch pedal, kwaye utshintshe i-gear lever uye kwigiya ephezulu; Qhuba kakuhle. Ngokwemeko, sebenzisa indlela efanayo ukutshintshela kwigiya ephezulu. Isitshixo sokunyusa okuthe tye bubungakanani "bemoto ebalekayo". Umgama "wemoto ebalekayo" kufuneka umiselwe ngokwenqanaba legiya eyongeziweyo. Okukhona igiya iphezulu, kokukhona umgama "wemoto ebalekayo" uba mde. Xa "ibaleka", i-accelerator pedal kufuneka inyathelwe kancinci, kwaye isantya esiphakathi kufuneka sinyuswe ngokukhawuleza. Xa igiya inyusiwe, emva kokutshintshela kwigiya ephezulu, i-clutch pedal kufuneka inyuswe ngokukhawuleza iye kwindawo edibeneyo. Kufuneka imiswe okwethutyana ize iphakanyiswe kancinci ukuze umbane udluliselwe kakuhle kwaye kuthintelwe ukubangela ukuba isithuthi "sikhawuleze phambili" emva kokutshintsha.
(2) Ixesha lokunyusa. Xa imoto iqhuba, logama nje iimeko zendlela kunye neemeko zendlela zivuma, kufuneka itshintshelwe kwigiya ephezulu ngexesha. Ngaphambi kokuba unyuse igiya, kufuneka ukhawulezise "imoto ebalekayo" ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho amandla aneleyo okugcina imoto isebenza kakuhle emva kokutshintsha. Ukuba "isantya semoto" sincinci kakhulu (siphantsi), kuya kubangela amandla angonelanga kunye nokushukuma emva kokutshintsha; ukuba ixesha "lokunyuka" lide kakhulu, injini iya kusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu ixesha elide, nto leyo eya kwandisa ukuguguleka kunye nokunciphisa uqoqosho. Ke ngoko, "imoto ebalekayo" kufuneka ibe yefanelekileyo, kwaye igiya kufuneka yongezwe ngexesha. Ixesha legiya kufuneka limiselwe ngokwesandi senjini, isantya kunye namandla. Ukuba unyathela i-accelerator pedal emva kokutshintsha, isantya senjini siyehla kwaye amandla awanelanga, oko kuthetha ukuba ixesha lokutshintsha lisekutsha kakhulu.
Ulandelelwano lokusebenza: yongeza igiya eliphantsi kwigiya ephezulu, hlambulula ioyile yemoto ngokufanelekileyo ukuze ihlale ikwimeko entle; inyathelo elinye lokuthatha inyathelo lesibini lokuxhoma, kunye neelifti ezintathu zokugcwalisa ipetroli.
Amanqaku esenzo: khawulezisa imoto ukuze ikhawuleze ukuze uve isandi, nyathela i-clutch uze ukhethe i-neutral; linda de kuviwe isandi seoyile, uze unyathele i-clutch uze wongeze igiya.
ishift yokwehlisa
(1) Izinto ezibalulekileyo zokunciphisa iigiya. Khulula i-accelerator pedal, nyathela i-clutch pedal ngokukhawuleza, hambisa i-gear lever iye kwi-neutral, uze ukhulule i-clutch pedal, nyathela i-accelerator pedal ngokukhawuleza ngonyawo lwakho lwasekunene (yongeza "ioyile engenanto"), uze unyathele i-clutch pedal ngokukhawuleza, hambisa i-gear lever iye kwinqanaba eliphantsi. Giya, cinezela indlela yokuma ngokukhawuleza ukuze ukhulule i-clutch pedal, ukuze imoto iqhubeke nokuqhuba ngegiya entsha.
(2) Ixesha lokunciphisa isantya. Ngexesha lokuqhuba, xa uziva ukuba amandla enjini awonelanga kwaye isantya sesithuthi sincipha kancinci kancinci, oko kuthetha ukuba igiya yokuqala ayisakwazi ukugcina ukuqhuba okuqhelekileyo kwemoto, kwaye kufuneka utshintshele kwigiya ephantsi ngexesha kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba isantya sinciphile kakhulu, ungalishiya isantya sokunciphisa isantya.
Ulandelelwano lokusebenza: yehlisa i-gear ibe phantsi xa ufika kwi-gear, ungoyiki xa ubona isantya semoto; inyathelo elinye lithatha i-lift yesibini, kwaye inyathelo lesithathu litshintsha ioyile ukuze lihlale liphezulu.
Iindawo zokuthatha amanyathelo: phakamisa i-accelerator uze ukhethe i-neutral, uze ukhuphe amafutha ngokwesantya sesithuthi; ngelixa isandi sepetroli singanyamalali, cofa i-clutch uze utshintshele kwigiya ephantsi.
ukutshintsha ngesandla
Kwimoto edluliswa ngesandla, ukubaluleka kwe-clutch akunakutyeshelwa ukuze uqhube ngokukhululeka. Xa uqhuba, musa ukunyathela i-clutch okanye ubeke unyawo lwakho kwi-clutch pedal ngamaxesha onke, ngaphandle kokuba imoto iqala, itshintsha kwaye ibhuleki ngesantya esiphantsi, kufuneka unyathele i-clutch pedal.
Ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo ekuqaleni. Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwe-clutch pedal xa uqalisa "kukukhawuleza okukodwa, kabini kancinci, kathathu". Oko kukuthi, xa i-pedal iphakanyisiwe, iphakanyiswa ngokukhawuleza; xa i-clutch ibonakala ngathi idibene kancinci (isandi senjini siyatshintsha ngeli xesha), isantya sokuphakamisa i-pedal sicotha kancinci; ukusuka ekunxibelelaneni ukuya ekudibaneni okupheleleyo, i-pedal iphakanyiswa kancinci kwi-clutch. Ngelixa i-pedal iphakanyisiwe, cinezela i-accelerator pedal kancinci kancinci ngokwe-injini, ukuze imoto iqale kakuhle.
Ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo xa utshintsha amagiya. Xa utshintsha amagiya ngelixa uqhuba, i-clutch pedal kufuneka inyathelwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphakanyiswe, kwaye akufuneki kubekho into yokudibanisa kancinci, kungenjalo, ukuguguleka kwe-clutch kuya kukhawuleziswa. Ukongeza, qaphela intsebenziswano ne-throttle xa usebenza. Ukuze wenze ukuguguleka kwegiya kube lula kwaye kuncitshiswe ukuguguleka kwendlela yokutshintsha i-transmission kunye ne-clutch, kukhuthazwa "indlela yokutshintsha i-clutch enemilenze emibini". Nangona le ndlela inzima ngakumbi ukuyisebenzisa, yindlela elungileyo yokonga imali ngokuqhuba.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo xa ubhuleka. Xa uqhuba imoto, ukongeza kwibhuleka yesantya esiphantsi ukuze umise i-clutch pedal, zama ukungayicinezeli i-clutch pedal xa ubhuleka phantsi kwezinye iimeko.
Ulawulo lokudlulisa ngesandla luyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye kukho izakhono kunye namacebiso athile. Ekufuneni amandla, isitshixo kukuqonda ixesha lokutshintsha imoto kwaye uvumele imoto ikhawuleze ngamandla. Ngokwethiyori, xa injini iyonke ikufutshane ne-torque ephezulu, ukukhawulezisa yeyona nto ihlaziyayo.
ukutshintsha imoto ngokuzenzekelayo
Ukutshintsha kwegiya ngokuzenzekelayo kulawulwa yikhompyutha, kwaye ukusebenza kulula.
1. Xa uqhuba kwindlela ethe tye, sebenzisa igiya ethi "D". Ukuba uqhuba kwindlela exineneyo kwindawo yasezidolophini, tshintshela kwigiya yesithathu ukuze ufumane amandla angakumbi.
2. Yiba nobuchule kwi-brake yokulawula encedisayo yonyawo lwasekhohlo. Ukuba ufuna ukuqhuba umgama omfutshane ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwindawo yokupaka, ungayilawula i-accelerator ngonyawo lwakho lwasekunene, uze unyathele i-brake ngonyawo lwakho lwasekhohlo ukuze ulawule imoto ukuba ihambe kancinci ukuze uphephe ukungqubana ngasemva.
Isikhethi segiya sothumelo oluzenzekelayo silingana ne-lever yegiya yothumelo oluqhutywa ngesandla. Ngokubanzi, kukho ezi giya zilandelayo: P (yokupaka), R (igiya engasemva), N (engathathi cala), D (phambili), S (okanye2, eyi-2). igiya), L (okanye1, oko kukuthi, igiya lokuqala). Ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwezi giya kubaluleke kakhulu kwabo baqhuba imoto yothumelo oluzenzekelayo. Emva kokuqala imoto ngothumelo oluzenzekelayo, ukuba ufuna ukugcina ukusebenza ngcono kokukhawulezisa, ungahlala ugcina ukuvuleka okukhulu kwe-accelerator, kwaye uthumelo oluzenzekelayo luya kunyukela kwigiya ephezulu ngesantya esiphezulu; ukuba ufuna uhambo olugudileyo, ungayiphakamisa kancinci i-pedal yegesi ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye uthumelo luya kunyukela ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukugcina ii-injini ziphantsi ngesantya esifanayo kuphumela ekulawuleni okungcono kunye nokuhamba okuzolileyo. Ngeli xesha, cinezela kancinci i-accelerator pedal ukuze uqhubeke ukhawulezisa, kwaye uthumelo aluyi kubuyela kwigiya yokuqala ngoko nangoko. Le yimisebenzi yokunyusa kwangaphambili kunye nokunciphisa i-lag eyilwe ngumyili ukuthintela ukutshintsha rhoqo. Qonda le nyaniso, ungayonwabela ukonwaba kokuqhuba okuziswa yi-automatic transmission ngendlela othanda ngayo.
uqoqosho
Umzekelo, xa uthatha imoto ye-Audi, xa uqhuba ngesantya esingaguqukiyo seekhilomitha ezingama-40 kunye neekhilomitha ezili-100 ngeyure, isantya senjini sihlala siphakathi kwe-1800-2000 rpm, kwaye siya kunyuka siye kwi-3000 rpm ngexesha lokukhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza. Ke ngoko, kunokucingelwa ukuba i-2000 rpm sisantya esingabizi kakhulu, esinokusetyenziswa njengesalathiso sokuhambisa ngesandla.
Ukuthelekisa, iimoto ze-1.8 kunye ne-1.8T ezithutha ngesandla ziqhuba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngesi santya kwigiya nganye xa injini ingama-2000 rpm. Abanini abanethemba lokonga ipetroli banokutshintsha iigiya malunga nama-2000 rpm, ngelixa abo bafuna amandla banokulibazisa ngokufanelekileyo ukutshintsha.
