Izibane zangasemva zizibane ezimhlophe ezibekwe kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngasemva kwesikhephe kwaye zibonisa ukukhanya okungaphazanyiswayo. Umgca othe tye wokukhanya we-135° uboniswa ngaphakathi kwe-67.5° ukusuka ngqo ngasemva kwesikhephe ukuya kwicala ngalinye. Umgama wokubonakala yi-3 kunye ne-2 nmil njengoko kufuneka ngumphathi ngokulandelelana. Isetyenziselwa ukubonisa amandla enqanawa kunye nokuchonga amandla eenqanawa ezinye, kunye nokubonelela
Isibane sendawo yangasemva: isibane esisetyenziselwa ukubonisa ubukho kunye nobubanzi besithuthi xa sijongwa ngasemva kwesithuthi;
Isignali yokujika ngasemva: isibane esisetyenziselwa ukubonisa abanye abasebenzisi bendlela ngasemva ukuba isithuthi siza kujika ngasekunene okanye ngasekhohlo;
Izibane zeBrake: Izibane ezibonisa abanye abasebenzisi bendlela abasemva kwesithuthi ukuba imoto iyabrakeka;
Izibane zenkungu zangasemva: izibane ezenza imoto ibonakale ngakumbi xa ijongwa ngasemva kwesithuthi kwinkungu enzima;
Ukukhanya okujika umva: Kukhanyisa indlela emva kwesithuthi kwaye kulumkisa abanye abasebenzisi bendlela ukuba imoto ijika umva okanye iza kubuyela umva;
Isixhobo sokubonisa ukukhanya esingasemva: Sisixhobo esibonisa ubukho besithuthi kumntu ojonge kufutshane nomthombo wokukhanya ngokubonakalisa ukukhanya okuvela kumthombo wokukhanya wangaphandle.
Umthombo wokukhanya kwe-Incandescent
Isibane se-Incandescent luhlobo lomthombo wokukhanya kwemitha yobushushu, oxhomekeke kumandla ombane ukufudumeza i-filament ukuya kwi-incandescent nokukhupha ukukhanya, kwaye ukukhanya okuphumayo yi-spectrum eqhubekayo. Isibane sangasemva semoto sendabuko esinomthombo wokukhanya kwe-incandescent senziwe ikakhulu ngamacandelo amane: umthombo wokukhanya kwe-incandescent, isibonisi esinye se-parabolic, isihluzo kunye nesipili sokusasazwa kokukhanya. Izibane ze-Incandescent zilula ngesakhiwo kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kwaye zezona mithombo zokukhanya ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, ezinomphumo ozinzileyo kunye notshintsho oluncinci kubushushu be-ambient. [2]
i-LED
Umgaqo we-light-emitting diode kukuba phantsi kwe-forward bias ye-junction diode, ii-electron ezikwi-N region kunye nee-holes ezikwi-P region zidlula kwi-PN junction, kwaye ii-electron kunye nee-holes ziyadibana kwakhona ukuze zikhuphe ukukhanya. [2]
umthombo wokukhanya kwe-neon
Umgaqo wokukhupha ukukhanya komthombo wokukhanya we-neon kukusebenzisa intsimi yombane kuzo zombini iziphelo zetyhubhu yokukhupha ezaliswe yigesi engasebenziyo ukuvelisa ukukhupha okuqhubekayo. Kule nkqubo, ii-athomu zegesi ezivuselelweyo zikhupha ii-photon kwaye zikhuphe ukukhanya xa zibuyela kwimeko yomhlaba. Ukuzalisa iigesi ezahlukeneyo ezingezizo ezomntu kunokukhupha ukukhanya kwemibala eyahlukeneyo.
