Kwinkqubo yokuqhuba, imoto kufuneka itshintshe indlela eqhuba ngayo rhoqo ngokwentando yomqhubi, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-car steering. Ngokubhekiselele kwizithuthi ezinamavili, indlela yokuqonda ukuqhutywa kwesithuthi kukuba umqhubi wenza amavili (amavili okuqhuba) kwi-axle yokuqhuba (ngokuqhelekileyo i-axle yangaphambili) yesithuthi ajike i-angle ethile ngokumalunga ne-axis yobude. yesithuthi ngeseti yeendlela eziyilwe ngokukodwa. Xa imoto iqhuba kumgca othe tye, ivili lokuqhuba lidla ngokuchaphazeleka ngamandla okuphazamisa ngasecaleni kwendlela, kwaye ijike ngokuzenzekelayo ukutshintsha isikhokelo sokuqhuba. Ngeli xesha, umqhubi unokusebenzisa le ndlela ukuphambukisa ivili lokuqhuba kwelinye icala, ukuze ubuyisele indlela yokuqhubela phambili yemoto. Le setethi yamaziko akhethekileyo asetyenziselwa ukutshintsha okanye ukubuyisela indlela yokuqhuba imoto ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokuqhuba imoto (eyaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokulawula imoto). Ngoko ke, umsebenzi wenkqubo yokulawula imoto kukuqinisekisa ukuba imoto inokuqhutywa kwaye iqhutywe ngokwentando yomqhubi. [1]
Usasazo lokuhlela umgaqo wolwakhiwo
Iinkqubo zokulawula iimoto zihlulwe zibe ngamacandelo amabini: iinkqubo zokuqhuba oomatshini kunye neenkqubo zokulawula amandla.
Inkqubo yokulawula oomatshini
Inkqubo yokulawula oomatshini isebenzisa amandla omzimba womqhubi njengamandla okuqhuba, apho zonke iindawo zokuhambisa amandla zingoomatshini. Inkqubo yokulawula i-mechanical inamacandelo amathathu: indlela yokulawula i-steering, i-steering gear kunye ne-steering transmission mechanism.
Umzobo we-1 ubonisa umzobo weskimu sokubunjwa kunye nokucwangciswa kwenkqubo yokulawula oomatshini. Xa isithuthi sijika, umqhubi usebenzisa i-torque yokuqhuba kwivili lokuqhuba i-1. Le torque igalelo kwi-steering gear 5 ngokusebenzisa i-steering shaft 2, i-joint universal joint 3 kunye ne-steering transmission shaft 4. I-torque eyandisiweyo ngesixhobo sokulawula kunye nentshukumo emva kokuncipha igqithiselwa kwingalo yokulawula i-rocker 6, kwaye emva koko idluliselwe kwingalo yokulawula iqhosha le-8 elimisiweyo kwiqhosha lokulawula lasekhohlo 9 ngokusebenzisa intonga yokulawula ethe tye 7, ukuze iqhosha lokulawula lasekhohlo. kwaye iqhosha lokulawula lasekhohlo eliyixhasayo liyahanjiswa. Ivili lokuqhuba lijikile. Ukuze ujike i-knuckle yokulawula i-13 kunye nesondo elichanekileyo elixhasayo ngama-angles ahambelanayo, i-trapezoid yokuqhubela phambili inikezelwa. I-trapezoid yokulawula iqulethwe ngeengalo ze-trapezoidal 10 kunye ne-12 egxininiswe ngakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla kunye nentambo yokulawula i-11 ephela idibene neengalo ze-trapezoidal nge-hinges yebhola.
Umzobo 1 Umzobo weSchematic wokubunjwa kunye noyilo lwenkqubo yokulawula oomatshini
Umzobo 1 Umzobo weSchematic wokubunjwa kunye noyilo lwenkqubo yokulawula oomatshini
Uluhlu lwamacandelo kunye neengxenye ukusuka kwivili lokuqhuba ukuya kwi-shaft yokuhambisa i-steering ye-steering control mechanism. Uluhlu lwamacandelo kunye neenxalenye (ngaphandle kwamaqhosha okuqhuba) ukusuka kwingalo yerocker ukuya kwi-trapezoid yokulawula yeyomatshini wokuhambisa.
inkqubo yokulawula amandla
Inkqubo yokulawula amandla yinkqubo yokuqhuba esebenzisa amandla omzimba omqhubi kunye namandla enjini njengamandla okuqhuba. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, kuphela inxalenye encinci yamandla afunekayo ekuqhubeni imoto inikezelwa ngumqhubi, kwaye ininzi inikezelwa yi-injini ngokusebenzisa isixhobo sokulawula amandla. Nangona kunjalo, xa isixhobo sokulawula umbane sihluleka, umqhubi kufuneka abe nako ukwenza ngokuzimeleyo umsebenzi wokuqhuba isithuthi. Ngoko ke, inkqubo yokulawula amandla iqulunqwe ngokongeza isethi yezixhobo zokulawula amandla kwisiseko somatshini wokuqhuba.
Kwisithuthi esinzima esinobunzima obuninzi obungaphezulu kwe-50t, xa isixhobo sokulawula amandla sisilela, amandla asetyenziswa ngumqhubi kwiqhosha lokuqhuba ngololiwe wokuqhuba ngoomatshini akude ngokwaneleyo ukuphambukisa ivili lokuqhuba ukuphumeza ukuqhubela phambili. . Ke ngoko, ukulawulwa kwamandla kwezo zithuthi kufuneka kuthembeke ngakumbi.
Umzobo we-2 Umzobo weSchematic wokubunjwa kwenkqubo yokulawula amandla oxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic
Umzobo we-2 Umzobo weSchematic wokubunjwa kwenkqubo yokulawula amandla oxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic
IKHIWANE. I-2 ngumzobo weskimu obonisa ukubunjwa kwenkqubo yokulawula amandla oxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic kunye nolungiselelo lwemibhobho yesixhobo sokulawula amandla oxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic. Amacandelo akwisixhobo sokulawula amandla: itanki yeoli yokulawula i-9, ipompo yeoli yokulawula i-10, i-valve yokulawula i-5 kunye ne-cylinder yamandla okulawula i-12. Xa umqhubi ejika ivili lokuqhuba 1 ngokuphambene newotshi (ukuqhuba ngasekhohlo), i-rocker ingalo yesi-7 iqhuba isiteringi esithe ngqo sesi-6 ukuya phambili. Amandla okutsalwa kwentonga yokubopha ngokuthe tye isebenza kwingalo yokulawula iqhosha le-4, kwaye idluliselwe kwingalo ye-trapezoidal 3 kunye nentambo yokulawula i-11 ngokulandelelana, ukuze ihambe iye ekunene. Ngexesha elifanayo, intonga echanekileyo yokulawula iphinda iqhube i-valve yesilayidi kwi-valve yokulawula i-5, ukwenzela ukuba igumbi elifanelekileyo le-cylinder yamandla okulawula i-12 idibaniswe ne-tank yeoli yokulawula kunye noxinzelelo lwe-zero yamanzi. I-oyile yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwempompo yeoli i-10 ingena kumngxuma osekhohlo we-cylinder yamandla okuqhuba, ngoko ke amandla asekunene e-hydraulic kwipiston ye-cylinder yamandla okuqhuba afakwa kwintonga yokubopha i-11 ngentonga yokutyhala, ebangela ukuba yiya ekunene. Ngale ndlela, i-torque encinci yokulawula esetyenziswa ngumqhubi kwivili lokuqhuba inokoyisa i-torque yokumelana nokulawula esebenza kwivili lokuqhuba emhlabeni.
