Kwinkqubo yokuqhuba, imoto kufuneka itshintshe indlela yayo yokuqhuba rhoqo ngokwentando yomqhubi, okubizwa ngokuba yi-car steering. Ngokuphathelele izithuthi ezinamavili, indlela yokuqonda indlela yokuqhuba imoto kukuba umqhubi enze amavili (amavili okuqhuba) kwi-steering axle (ngesiqhelo i-axle engaphambili) yesithuthi aphambuke kwi-engile ethile enxulumene ne-longitudinal axis yesithuthi ngokusebenzisa iseti yeendlela ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa. Xa imoto iqhuba kumgca othe tye, ivili lokuqhuba lidla ngokuchaphazeleka ngamandla okuphazamiseka ecaleni kwendlela, kwaye lijika ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze litshintshe indlela yokuqhuba. Ngeli xesha, umqhubi angasebenzisa le ndlela yokuqhuba ijika ivili lokuqhuba kwicala elichaseneyo, ukuze abuyisele indlela yokuqhuba yokuqala yemoto. Olu seti lweziko ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha okanye ukubuyisela indlela yokuqhuba yemoto lubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokuqhuba yemoto (eyaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokuqhuba yemoto). Ke ngoko, umsebenzi wenkqubo yokuqhuba yemoto kukuqinisekisa ukuba imoto inokuqhutywa kwaye iqhutywe ngokwentando yomqhubi. [1]
Ukusasazwa kokuhlela okusemgangathweni wokwakha
Iinkqubo zokulawula iimoto zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iinkqubo zokulawula oomatshini kunye neenkqubo zokulawula amandla.
Inkqubo yokulawula oomatshini
Inkqubo yokulawula yoomatshini isebenzisa amandla omzimba omqhubi njengamandla okuqhuba, apho zonke iindawo zokudlulisela amandla ziyi-mechanical. Inkqubo yokulawula yoomatshini inamacandelo amathathu: indlela yokulawula ukuqondisa, izixhobo zokuqhuba kunye nendlela yokudlulisela ukuqondisa.
Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa umzobo obonisa indlela ezakheke ngayo kunye nolungiselelo lwenkqubo yokuqhuba ngoomatshini. Xa isithuthi sijika, umqhubi usebenzisa i-torque yokuqhuba kwivili lokuqhuba 1. Le torque ifakwa kwigiya yokuqhuba 5 nge-steering shaft 2, i-steering universal joint 3 kunye ne-steering transmission shaft 4. I-torque eyandisiweyo yigiya yokuqhuba kwaye intshukumo emva kokuncipha idluliselwa kwingalo ye-steering rocker 6, ize idluliselwe kwingalo ye-steering knuckle 8 enamathele kwi-steering knuckle 9 nge-steering straight rod 7, ukuze i-steering knuckle yasekhohlo kunye ne-steering knuckle yasekhohlo eyixhasayo zidluliselwe. Ivili lokuqhuba lijike. Ukuze kujike i-steering knuckle yasekunene 13 kunye nevili lokuqhuba lasekunene eliyixhasayo ngee-engile ezihambelanayo, kukwabonelelwa ne-steering trapezoid. I-steering trapezoid yenziwe ziingalo ze-trapezoidal 10 kunye ne-12 ezinamathele kwii-steering knuckles zasekhohlo nasekunene kunye ne-steering tie rod 11 apho iziphelo zazo ziqhagamshelwe neengalo ze-trapezoidal ngee-ball hinges.
Umfanekiso 1 Umzobo wesicwangciso sokwakheka kunye noyilo lwenkqubo yokuqhuba yoomatshini
Umfanekiso 1 Umzobo wesicwangciso sokwakheka kunye noyilo lwenkqubo yokuqhuba yoomatshini
Uthotho lwezixhobo kunye neenxalenye ukusuka kwivili lokuqhuba ukuya kwishafti yokudlulisela isiteringi zezolawulo lokuqhuba. Uthotho lwezixhobo kunye neenxalenye (ngaphandle kweeknuckles zokuqhuba) ukusuka kwingalo yokuqhuba i-rocker ukuya kwi-trapezoid yokuqhuba zezolawulo lokuqhuba.
inkqubo yokulawula amandla
Inkqubo yokulawula ngamandla yinkqubo yokulawula esebenzisa amandla omzimba omqhubi kunye namandla enjini njengamandla okuqhuba. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, yinxalenye encinci yamandla afunekayo ekulawuleni imoto enikwa ngumqhubi, kwaye uninzi lwayo lunikwa yinjini ngesixhobo sokulawula ngamandla. Nangona kunjalo, xa isixhobo sokulawula ngamandla singaphumeleli, umqhubi ngokubanzi kufuneka akwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wokulawula isithuthi ngokuzimeleyo. Ke ngoko, inkqubo yokulawula ngamandla yenziwa ngokongeza iseti yezixhobo zokulawula ngamandla ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo yokulawula yoomatshini.
Kwisithuthi esinzima esinobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-50t, xa isixhobo sokulawula amandla sicinyiwe, amandla asetyenziswa ngumqhubi kwi-steering knuckle kwi-mechanical drive train awanelanga ukujika ivili lokuqhuba ukuze liphumelele ekuqhubeni. Ke ngoko, amandla okulawula amandla ezithuthi ezinjalo kufuneka athembeke ngakumbi.
Umfanekiso 2 Umzobo weskimu wokwakheka kwenkqubo yokulawula amandla e-hydraulic
Umfanekiso 2 Umzobo weskimu wokwakheka kwenkqubo yokulawula amandla e-hydraulic
UMZOBO 2 ngumzobo obonisa ukwakheka kwenkqubo yokulawula amandla e-hydraulic kunye nolungiselelo lwemibhobho yesixhobo sokulawula amandla e-hydraulic. Izinto ezikwisixhobo sokulawula amandla zezi: itanki yeoyile yokuqhuba 9, ipompo yeoyile yokuqhuba 10, ivalvu yokulawula yokuqhuba 5 kunye nesilinda yamandla okuqhuba 12. Xa umqhubi ejika ivili lokuqhuba 1 ngokuchasene newotshi (ukuqhuba ngasekhohlo), ingalo ye-steering rocker 7 iqhuba intonga yokuqhuba 6 ukuze ihambe phambili. Amandla okutsala entonga yokubopha ethe tye asebenza kwingalo ye-steering knuckle 4, kwaye adluliselwa kwingalo ye-trapezoidal 3 kunye nentonga yokuqhuba 11 ngokulandelelana, ukuze ihambe iye ngasekunene. Kwangaxeshanye, intonga yokuqhuba ethe tye ikwaqhuba ivalvu yesilayidi kwivalvu yokulawula yokuqhuba 5, ukuze igumbi lasekunene lesilinda yamandla okuqhuba 12 liqhagamshelwe kwitanki yeoyile yokuqhuba ngaphandle koxinzelelo lolwelo lomphezulu. Ioyile enoxinzelelo oluphezulu yepompo yeoyile 10 ingena kwisithuba sasekhohlo sesilinda samandla okuqhuba, ngoko ke amandla e-hydraulic asekunene kwipiston yesilinda samandla okuqhuba asebenza kwinduku yokuncamathelisa 11 ngenduku yokutyhala, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ihambe iye ngasekunene. Ngale ndlela, i-torque encinci yokuqhuba esetyenziswa ngumqhubi kwisivili sokuqhuba inokoyisa i-torque yokumelana nokuqhuba esebenza kwisivili sokuqhuba emhlabeni.
