Kuthetha ukuthini isikhokelo sevalvu yemoto
Umsebenzi wesikhokelo sevalvu kukuqondisa intshukumo yeevalvu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iivalvu zenza intshukumo ejikelezayo, ukuvumela iivalvu kunye neeringi zesihlalo sevalvu ukuba zilingane ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokudlulisela ubushushu besiqu sevalvu kwintloko yesilinda.
Ubushushu bokusebenza kwesikhokelo sevalvu buphezulu kakhulu, malunga nama-200℃. Xa isiqu sevalvu sihamba kwityhubhu yesikhokelo, sithambisa kuphela yioyile yenjini ephuma kwisitimela sevalvu, kwaye ngaloo ndlela sidla ngokuguga. Ke ngoko, izixhobo zesinyithi ezithambileyo okanye zepowder metallurgy ezineempawu zokuzityibiliza zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo ezithile, ezicinezelwa kwimingxunya yesihlalo sevalvu entloko yesilinda kunye nokufakwa okuthile kokuphazamiseka ukuze zingawi. Ezinye iinjini zisebenzisa amaringi okugcina ukulungisa nokubeka izikhokelo zevalvu ukuthintela ukuba zingakhululeki.
Inxalenye esezantsi yesikhokelo sevalvu inwebeka kwiipayipi zokungenisa kunye nezokukhupha umoya. Ukuthintela ukumelana nokuhamba komoya, isangqa sangaphandle sesiphelo esolulayo senziwe sibe yimo ekhonkrithi. Kukho umsantsa we-0.05 ukuya kwi-0.12mm phakathi kwesikhokelo sevalvu kunye nesiqu sevalvu, okuvumela isiqu sevalvu ukuba sihambe ngokukhululekileyo ngaphakathi kwesikhokelo.
Isikhokelo sevalvu sixhasa kwaye sikhokela iivalvu ezihambahamba ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, siqinisekisa ukuba iivalvu kunye nezihlalo zeevalvu zinokungena ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye sikwanceda ekuqhubeni ubushushu.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezikhokelo zeevalvu: uhlobo oludibeneyo kunye nohlobo oluhlanganisiweyo. Isikhokelo sevalvu esidibeneyo sicubungula ngqo umngxuma wesiqu sevalvu entloko yesilinda. Isikhokelo sevalvu esihlanganisiweyo sicinezelwa kwityhubhu esisilinda ngomngxuma wesikhokelo entloko yesilinda kunye nokulingana kokuphazamiseka kwe-0.015 ukuya kwi-0.065mm.
Ezinye izikhokelo zeevalvu zinemiqolo yeringi efakwe kumphezulu ongaphandle osicaba, efakwe iiringi zokugcina ukuze zibekwe, zithintela ubunzulu besiphelo esisezantsi kwindlela yomoya kwaye zithintele ukuba ingakhululeki.
Ngokwesiqhelo kukho indawo yokungena eyi-0.05 ukuya kwi-0.12mm phakathi kwesiqu sevalvu kunye nesikhokelo sevalvu. Zithanjiswe yioyile yenjini ephuma kwiindawo zokuhambisa ivalvu.
Ukuba umsantsa ophakathi kwesiqu sevalvu kunye nesikhokelo sevalvu mncinane kakhulu, kulula ukubangela ukuba isiqu sevalvu sibambeke kwaye singavalwa kakuhle, nto leyo enokubangela ukutsha kwevalvu kunye nokwehla kokusebenza kwamandla, ukonga kunye nokukhutshwa komoya.
Ukuba umsantsa ophakathi kwesiqu sevalvu kunye nesikhokelo sevalvu mkhulu kakhulu, uya kubangela ezi zinto zilandelayo ezingaqhelekanga:
Isihlalo sevalvu asizinzanga, ukusebenza kokutywina kuyehla, kwaye siyaguga ngesantya esikhawulezayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekutshisweni kwevalvu kunye nokwehla kokusebenza kwamandla, ukonga, kunye nokukhutshwa komoya.
Ukuvuza komoya kwinkqubo yokungenisa umoya kubangela ukuba umxube okwinjini yepetroli ube mncinci.
Ioyile yenjini egqithisileyo ingena ngezithuba ezivulekileyo iye kwigumbi lokutsha okanye kwindawo yokungena komoya (ingakumbi ngexesha lenkqubo yokungenisa), nto leyo ebangela ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kweoyile yenjini, ukukhutshwa komsi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nokwakheka ngokukhawuleza kwediphozithi yekhabhoni.
Ngexesha lokubetha kwe-exhaust, igesi yokukhupha i-exhaust ingena kwi-crankcase ngesithuba esiphakathi kwesiqu se-exhaust valve kunye nesikhokelo se-valve.
Xa uxinzelelo olukwi-exhaust port luphantsi kunolo lungaphakathi kwi-crankcase, ioyile yenjini ivuza kwi-exhaust port ngesithuba esiphakathi kwe-exhaust valve stem kunye ne-valve guide.
Isizathu somsi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngexesha lokuqalisa injini sidla ngokuba umsantsa wesikhokelo sevalvu yokukhupha umoya mkhulu kakhulu. Xa umatshini uyeka, ioyile ingena kwisithuba sesikhokelo sevalvu yokukhupha umoya iye kwigumbi lokutsha kwaye inamathele kwi-manifold yokukhupha umoya, ize itshiswe ngexesha lokuqalisa injini. Le meko iya kuncipha okanye inyamalale njengoko ubushushu benjini bunyuka.
Umsebenzi wesitywino seoli yevalvu kukuthintela ioyile yenjini egqithisileyo ukuba ingangeni kwigumbi lokutsha okanye kwimijelo yokungenisa kunye neyokukhupha umoya ngesithuba esiphakathi kwesikhokelo sevalvu kunye nesiqu sevalvu. Yiringi yokutywina yerabha, efakwe kwisiphelo esiphezulu sesikhokelo sevalvu. Ukuba isitywino seoli yevalvu yonakele, ioyile yenjini egqithisileyo iya kutshona ngesithuba esiphakathi kwevalvu kunye nesikhokelo sevalvu iye kwigumbi lokutsha okanye kwindlela yomoya, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kweoyile yenjini okwandisiweyo. Oku kuhamba nomsi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwi-exhaust kwaye kukhawulezisa ukwakheka kweediphozithi zekhabhoni kwiivalvu nakwigumbi lokutsha.
Iindlela zokutshintsha izikhokelo zeevalvu zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ukutshintsha izikhokelo zeevalvu ngeeflanges kunye nokutshintsha izikhokelo zeevalvu ngaphandle kweeflanges.
Kukho isikhokelo sevalvu yeflange
Xa intloko yesilinda yonke ishushu ukuya kwi-100-150℃ kwibhokisi yobushushu obungaguqukiyo, yikhuphe uze uphakamise intloko yesilinda. Sebenzisa isixhobo sokuqhawula isikhokelo sevalvu kunye nesixhobo sokuhlanganisa ukuze utyhale isikhokelo sevalvu kwicala le-camshaft. Emva koko faka ioyile yokuthambisa kwi-O-ring entsha, uyifake kwisikhokelo sevalvu entsha, uze usebenzise isixhobo sokuqhawula isikhokelo sevalvu kunye nesixhobo sokuhlanganisa ukuze uqhube isikhokelo sevalvu entsha kwicala le-camshaft. Emva kokuba intloko yesilinda ipholile, faka ioyile yokusika emngxunyeni wangaphakathi wesikhokelo sevalvu, uze usebenzise i-valve guide reamer ukuze unqumle isikhokelo sevalvu ukuze ufumane indawo efanelekileyo phakathi kwesiqu sevalvu kunye nesikhokelo sevalvu. Okokugqibela, hlamba intloko yesilinda ngokupheleleyo ngepetroli okanye ngeparafini kwaye ingafakwa kwaye isetyenziswe. Buyisela isikhokelo sevalvu ngaphandle kweeflanges
Ngaphambi kokuba ususe isikhokelo sevalvu kwisilinda, linganisa ukuphakama kwenxalenye eveziweyo nge-vernier caliper uze wenze irekhodi. Xa intloko yesilinda ishushu ukuya kwi-100-150℃ kwibhokisi yobushushu obungaguqukiyo, yikhuphe uze uphakamise intloko yesilinda. Sebenzisa isixhobo sokudiliza isikhokelo sevalvu kunye nesixhobo sokuhlanganisa ukuze utyhale isikhokelo sevalvu kwicala le-camshaft. Emva koko, sebenzisa isixhobo sokudiliza isikhokelo sevalvu kunye nesixhobo sokuhlanganisa ukuze uqhube isikhokelo sevalvu esitsha kwicala le-camshaft. Ngelixa ulinganisa ukuphakama kwenxalenye eveziweyo yesikhokelo sevalvu, qhuba isikhokelo sevalvu esitsha kancinci kancinci ide ihlangabezane neemfuno ezichaziweyo. Emva kokuba intloko yesilinda ipholile, galela ioyile yokusika emngxunyeni wangaphakathi wesikhokelo sevalvu kwaye usebenzise i-hinge yesikhokelo sevalvu ukuze unqumle isikhokelo sevalvu ukuze ufumane indawo efanelekileyo yokungena phakathi kwesiqu sevalvu kunye nesikhokelo sevalvu. Okokugqibela, coca kakuhle intloko yesilinda ngepetroli okanye ngeparafini kwaye ingafakwa kwaye isetyenziswe.
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