Ukumiswa okungaphantsi komzimba: "Intsika engabonakaliyo" yokuhamba kwesithuthi
Ukumiswa okungaphantsi komzimba, okubizwa ngokuba yingalo esezantsi okanye ibracket esezantsi, yinxalenye ephambili edibanisa amavili nomzimba wesithuthi kwinkqubo yokumiswa. Isenokubonakala ingabalulekanga, kodwa ithwala imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokuhamba kwesithuthi kwaye ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo intuthuzelo, ukuphathwa, kunye nokhuseleko lokuqhuba.
Ngokwembono yolwakhiwo, ukumiswa okungaphantsi komzimba kwenziwa kakhulu zizinto zesinyithi. Kuqhagamshelwe kumavili kunye nomzimba wesithuthi ngokusebenzisa ii-ball joints kunye nee-rubber bushings, ezikwaziyo ukuthwala malunga ne-30% yobunzima obungaguqukiyo besithuthi. Ngexesha lokuqhuba ngokuguquguqukayo, isebenza njenge "transmission hub": ngexesha lokukhawulezisa, idlulisela amandla okuqhuba enjini ukusuka emzimbeni wesithuthi ukuya kumavili; ngexesha lokubhuleka, idlulisela ngokuphindaphindiweyo amandla okubhuleka komhlaba ukuya emzimbeni wesithuthi ukuqinisekisa ukucotha okugudileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, inokulawula ngokuchanekileyo indlela yokuhamba kwamavili, igcine amavili enxibelelana kakuhle nomhlaba, yonyusa indawo yoqhagamshelwano nge-15%-20%, engagcini nje ngokunciphisa umgama wokubhuleka kodwa ikwaphucula ukubamba kwekona, okwenza ukuba isiteringi sibe ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi kwaye umzimba wesithuthi uzinze ngakumbi.
Ngokuphathelele intuthuzelo, ukumiswa kwe-underbody nako kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ii-rubber bushings kuzo zombini iziphelo zisebenza njenge-"buffers", zihluza i-60%-70% yokungcangcazela kwendlela. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-bushings zinokufikelela kulungelelwano lokusebenza: ii-hydraulic bushings zilungelelanisa ukuphathwa kunye nentuthuzelo, ii-rubber bushings zihlala ixesha elide, kwaye ii-polyurethane bushings zifanelekile ngakumbi kwizithuthi ezijolise kwezemidlalo. Ukongeza, kwiingozi ezikhawulezayo, ukumiswa kwe-underbody kunokuziguqula ukuze kutsalwe amandla, kuthintele isakhiwo esiphambili sesithuthi ukuba sonakale, kwaye kongeze umqobo wokhuseleko olongezelelweyo kubakhweli.
Isilumkiso sempazamo: "Isibonakaliso sengxamiseko" sokumiswa okungaphantsi komzimba
Ukumiswa okungaphantsi komzimba kuhlala kuchaphazela ubunzima besithuthi kunye neempembelelo zendlela, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kuba neempazamo. Ukungazinaki ezi mpawu akuchaphazeli nje kuphela amava okuqhuba kodwa kunokubangela neengozi zokhuseleko. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zempazamo ziquka:
Ingxolo engaqhelekanga rhoqo
Olu lolona phawu lucacileyo lweziphene zokuxhoma ngaphantsi komzimba. Xa imoto idlula kwiindawo ezithintela isantya okanye iindlela ezingalinganiyo, ukuba itshasi ikhupha isandi "sokucofa" sokungqubana kwesinyithi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yokuguga nokuqhekeka kweendawo ezithintela irabha. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuphila kweendawo ezithintela irabha yiminyaka emi-3-5. Ukupaka ixesha elide okanye ukuqhuba kwiimeko ezinzima zendlela kuya kukhawulezisa ukuguga kwaye kubangele ukuba iindawo ezithintela irabha ziphulukane nokuqina, okubangela iingxolo ezingaqhelekanga xa iindawo zesinyithi zidibana ngokuthe ngqo. Ukongeza, ukuba isigqubuthelo sothuli sengalo engezantsi sonakele, ukungena kothuli kubangela ukuba igrisi yokuthambisa ivuze, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugugeni nasekuyekeni kweendawo ezithintela irabha, kwaye ingxolo engaqhelekanga iyaqina ngexesha lokuqhuba okanye lokuqubha.
Ukusebenza okunciphileyo kokuphatha
Ukuguquka kwendlela yokumiswa kwe-underbody okanye iindawo ezidibeneyo zebhola ezikhululekileyo kuya kubangela ukuphambuka kwiiparameter zokulungelelaniswa kwevili, okubonakala kakhulu njengokushukuma kwesithuthi - xa uqhuba ngokuthe tye, ivili lokuqhuba kufuneka lilungiswe rhoqo, apho ukuphambuka okungaphezulu kwe-1 mitha ngaphakathi kweemitha ezili-100 kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka. Kwangaxeshanye, ngexesha lokujika, umzimba wesithuthi uya kuba nokuqengqeleka okukhulu ecaleni, imvakalelo yokuphatha ezinzileyo ekuqaleni iyacotha, kwaye nokulahleka kokucaca kunye nemvakalelo enzima kunokwenzeka. Ngexesha lokuqhobosheka okungxamisekileyo, umphambili wesithuthi ucwila ngaphezulu kweesentimitha ezili-12 (malunga nesiqingatha sokuphakama kwebhotile yamanzi), okunokuba luphawu lokusilela kokumiswa kwe-underbody.
Ukuguguleka kwamatayara ngendlela engaqhelekanga
Iziphene zokumiswa kwangaphantsi komzimba zibangela ukuba amavili angagcini nje ngokuba ami nkqo emhlabeni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amatayara aguge "agobile". Umzekelo, icala langaphakathi letayara ligugile kakhulu, ngelixa icala langaphandle lingagugi phantse, okanye itayara ibonisa ukuguguleka "okugobileyo" okanye "okunamazinyo", kunye nokuguguleka kwethara elicala linye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3 millimeters. Oku kuguguleka okungaqhelekanga akupheleli nje ekufinyezeni ubomi betayara kodwa kunciphisa nokubamba kwamatayara, okwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhushumba kwamatayara.
Indlela engaqhelekanga yokuma kwesithuthi
Ukuba ubona ukuthambekela kwesithuthi kwicala elinye emva kokupaka, okanye umahluko wokuphakama ongaphezulu kwe-1 sentimitha phakathi kwamavili amane, kusenokuba kungenxa yokuqhekeka okanye ukubola kwe-elastic spring yokumiswa komzimba ongaphantsi komzimba, okubangela ukuba umzimba wesithuthi kwelo cala ucwile. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kwiimodeli ezindala okanye izithuthi eziqhutywa rhoqo kwiindlela ezingagayiweyo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, inokubangela ukuba amatayara akhuhleke kwii-arches zamavili, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingozi zokhuseleko.
Ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla: Vumela ukumiswa okungaphantsi komzimba "kuphile ixesha elide"
Ukusilela kokumiswa kwemoto phantsi komzimba akunazo iimpawu zesilumkiso. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunokwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo. Kucetyiswa ukuba abanini bemoto bahlole indawo evulekileyo yebhodi kunye nemeko yeendawo ezivulekileyo kwinkqubo yokumiswa rhoqo kwiikhilomitha ezingama-20,000. Indawo eqhelekileyo phakathi kwebhodi kunye nebhodi kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-0.5 millimeters. Ukuba idlula eli xabiso, kufuneka itshintshwe. Emva kokutshintsha izinto eziphakanyisiweyo, kufuneka kwenziwe ulungelelwaniso lwamavili amane ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiparameter zokulungelelaniswa kwamavili zichanekile kwaye kuthintelwe ukuwohloka kwamavili ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
Ukongeza, imikhwa yokuqhuba ikwachaphazela ubomi benkqubo yokumiswa. Zama ukunqanda ukudlula kwiindawo ezithintela isantya kunye nemingxuma ngokukhawuleza ukuze unciphise impembelelo yokumiswa; kwizithuthi ezipakwe ixesha elide, kufuneka zifuduswe rhoqo ukuthintela ukuba iibhuthi zerabha zingaguquguquki ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwexesha elide.
Ukuqukumbela, inkqubo yokumiswa kwemoto "yintsika engabonakaliyo" yokusebenza kwesithuthi. Imeko yayo ichaphazela ngqo ukhuseleko kunye namava okuqhuba. Nika ingqalelo kwimisebenzi kunye neempawu zempazamo zenkqubo yokumiswa, kwaye wenze ulondolozo rhoqo ukuze ugcine imoto ikwimeko efanelekileyo yokusebenza.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi, qhubeka ufunda amanye amanqaku kule sayithi!
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